Exergy based ecological footprint accounting for China

The resource consumption of the Chinese society is investigated by ecological footprint (EF) as an aggregate indicator. Based on the theory of ecological thermodynamics, a modified calculation of ecological footprint termed as exergetic ecological footprint (EEF) in contrast to the conventional one is performed and related overall trends of the Chinese society are analyzed. The annual policy for the individual sector is described in detail corresponding to the variations of the EF and EEF components. Comparison of the conventional EF and the EEF is outlined. The EF intensity and EEF intensity are also presented to depict the resource consumption level corresponding to unit economic output. Finally, EEF is suggested to serve as a supplemented indicator of EF towards illustrating the productions of the resource, environment, population, and thereby reflecting the ecological overshoot of the general ecological system.

[1]  M. M. Jiang,et al.  Integrated urban ecosystem evaluation and modeling based on embodied cosmic exergy , 2011 .

[2]  Guoqian Chen,et al.  Emergy as embodied energy based assessment for local sustainability of a constructed wetland in Beijing , 2009 .

[3]  David Shambaugh,et al.  The modern Chinese state , 2000 .

[4]  Mathis Wackernagel,et al.  Establishing national natural capital accounts based on detailed Ecological Footprint and biological capacity assessments , 2004 .

[5]  Hadi Dowlatabadi,et al.  The ecological footprint: a non-monetary metric of human consumption applied to North America , 2003 .

[6]  Edward Smeets,et al.  Ecological footprints of Benin, Bhutan, Costa Rica and the Netherlands , 2000 .

[7]  Gernot Stöglehner,et al.  Ecological footprint — a tool for assessing sustainable energy supplies , 2003 .

[8]  G. Q. Chen,et al.  Exergy consumption of the earth , 2005 .

[9]  T. J. Kotas,et al.  The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis , 2012 .

[10]  H. Mooney,et al.  Human Domination of Earth’s Ecosystems , 1997, Renewable Energy.

[11]  I. Dincer.  The role of exergy in energy policy making , 2002 .

[12]  M. A. Rosen,et al.  Evaluation of energy utilization efficiency in Canada using energy and exergy analyses , 1992 .

[13]  Marc A. Rosen,et al.  Exergy Analysis of Energy Systems , 2004 .

[14]  Guoqian Chen,et al.  Exergy-based assessment for waste gas emissions from Chinese transportation , 2009 .

[15]  Bin Chen,et al.  Ecological footprint accounting for energy and resource in China , 2007 .

[16]  S. Pacca,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions from building and operating electric power plants in the Upper Colorado River Basin. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[17]  Helmut Haberl,et al.  How to calculate and interpret ecological footprints for long periods of time: the case of Austria 1926-1995 , 2001 .

[18]  Gene Bazan.  Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth , 1997 .

[19]  Sven Erik Jørgensen,et al.  Emergy, environ, exergy and ecological modelling , 1995 .

[20]  Helmut Haberl,et al.  Ecological footprint time series of Austria, the Philippines, and South Korea for 1961–1999: comparing the conventional approach to an ‘actual land area’ approach , 2004 .

[21]  G. Q. Chen,et al.  Scarcity of exergy and ecological evaluation based on embodied exergy , 2006 .

[22]  Wojciech Stanek,et al.  Depletion of the non-renewable natural exergy resources as a measure of the ecological cost , 2002 .

[23]  D. Morris,et al.  Standard chemical exergy of some elements and compounds on the planet earth , 1986 .

[24]  Bin Chen,et al.  Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980–2002 based on exergy—Part 4: Fishery and rangeland , 2007 .

[25]  Fanghua Hao,et al.  The water resources assessment based on resource exergy for the mainstream Yellow River , 2009 .

[26]  Bin Chen,et al.  Extended-exergy analysis of the Chinese society , 2009 .

[27]  Pamela A. Matson,et al.  HUMAN APPROPRIATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS , 1986 .

[28]  Ge Chen,et al.  Emergy-based ecological account for the Chinese economy in 2004 , 2008 .

[29]  Gang Chen,et al.  Emergy-based energy and material metabolism of the Yellow River basin , 2009 .

[30]  Bin Chen,et al.  Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980-2002 based on exergy--Part 3: Agricultural products , 2007 .

[31]  Mathis Wackernagel,et al.  Ecological Footprints and Energy , 2004 .

[32]  Bin Chen,et al.  Constructing a network of the social-economic consumption system of China using extended exergy analysis , 2012 .

[33]  Bin Chen,et al.  Modified ecological footprint accounting and analysis based on embodied exergy—a case study of the Chinese society 1981–2001 , 2007 .

[34]  S. Jørgensen,et al.  Thermodynamics and Ecological Modelling , 2000 .

[35]  Karl-Heinz Erb,et al.  Actual land demand of Austria 1926–2000: a variation on Ecological Footprint assessments , 2004 .

[36]  Bin Chen,et al.  Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980–2002 based on exergy—Part 2: Renewable energy sources and forest , 2007 .

[37]  Gang Chen,et al.  Cosmic exergy based ecological assessment for a wetland in Beijing , 2011 .

[38]  Jo Campling,et al.  China in transition : issues and policies , 1999 .

[39]  R. Nelson,et al.  SUSTAINABILITY, EFFICIENCY, AND GOD: Economic Values and the Sustainability Debate , 1995 .

[40]  Ivar S. Ertesvåg,et al.  Society exergy analysis: a comparison of different societies , 2001 .

[41]  Han Jian.  The Current Situation and Developing Strategy of Chinese Grassland Industry , 2002 .

[42]  Murray Patterson,et al.  Ecological Footprints and interdependencies of New Zealand regions , 2004 .

[43]  C. S. Holling,et al.  Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment , 1995, Environment and Development Economics.

[44]  David I. Stern,et al.  Indicators of natural resource scarcity: a review and synthesis. , 1999 .

[45]  R. Costanza.  Social Goals and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services , 2000, Ecosystems.

[46]  Robert U. Ayres,et al.  EXERGY, WASTE ACCOUNTING, AND LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS , 1998 .

[47]  Xi Ji,et al.  Exergetic evaluation of corn-ethanol production in China , 2009 .

[48]  C. Guodong,et al.  Ecological footprint of the Chinese population, environment and development , 2004, Environmental Conservation.

[49]  Guoqian Chen,et al.  Exergetic assessment for ecological economic system: Chinese agriculture , 2009 .

[50]  Arif İleri,et al.  Energy and exergy utilization in Turkey during 1995 , 1998 .

[51]  R. Costanza,et al.  Embodied energy and economic valuation. , 1980, Science.

[52]  A. Fricker.  The ecological footprint of New Zealand as a step towards sustainability , 1998 .

[53]  R. Costanza,et al.  SPECIAL ISSUE: The Dynamics and Value of Ecosystem Services: Integrating Economic and Ecological Perspectives Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services , 2002 .

[54]  G. Daily,et al.  Socioeconomic equity, sustainability, and earth's carrying capacity , 1995 .

[55]  Bin Chen,et al.  Exergy-based resource accounting for China , 2006 .

[56]  Göran Wall,et al.  Exergy conversion in the Japanese society , 1990 .