Free Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in an Odd-Shaped Cavity Filled with a Cu-Al2O3 Hybrid Nanofluid

The present paper aims to analyze the thermal convective heat transport and generated irreversibility of water-Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanosuspension in an odd-shaped cavity. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the enclosure are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Thand Tc, respectively. The control equations based on conservation laws are formulated in dimensionless form and worked out employing the Galerkin finite element technique. The outcomes are demonstrated using streamlines, isothermal lines, heatlines, isolines of Bejan number, as well as the rate of generated entropy and the Nusselt number. Impacts of the Rayleigh number, the hybrid nanoparticles concentration (ϕhnf), the volume fraction of the Cu nanoparticles to ϕhnf ratio (ϕr), width ratio (WR) have been surveyed and discussed. The results show that, for all magnitudes of Rayleigh numbers, increasing nanoparticles concentration intensifies the rate of entropy generation. Moreover, for high Rayleigh numbers, increasing WR enhances the rate of heat transport.

[1]  J. Reddy,et al.  The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics , 1994 .

[2]  Kankanhalli N. Seetharamu,et al.  Finite element analysis of transient natural convection in an odd‐shaped enclosure , 1998 .

[3]  Guang-Fa Tang,et al.  Numerical visualization of mass and heat transport for conjugate natural convection/heat conduction by streamline and heatline , 2002 .

[4]  K. N. Seetharamu,et al.  The Finite Element Method , 2005 .

[5]  V. A. F. Costa,et al.  Bejan’s Heatlines and Masslines for Convection Visualization and Analysis , 2006 .

[6]  Wenhua Yu,et al.  Nanofluids: Science and Technology , 2007 .

[7]  Bengt Sundén,et al.  Effect of aspect ratio on entropy generation in a rectangular cavity with differentially heated vertical walls , 2008 .

[8]  H. Oztop,et al.  Numerical study of natural convection in partially heated rectangular enclosures filled with nanofluids , 2008 .

[9]  H. Tyagi.  Radiative and combustion properties of nanoparticle-laden liquids , 2008 .

[10]  Ziyad N. Masoud,et al.  Effect of nanofluid variable properties on natural convection in enclosures , 2010 .

[11]  R. Mohamed,et al.  Numerical simulation of mixed convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity partially heated from below using nanofluid , 2010 .

[12]  K. Kahveci.  Buoyancy Driven Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in a Tilted Enclosure , 2010 .

[13]  M. Chandrasekar,et al.  Effect of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer , 2012 .

[14]  I. Pop,et al.  A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy , 2013 .

[15]  Yasin Varol,et al.  Mixed convection and role of multiple solutions in lid-driven trapezoidal enclosures , 2013 .

[16]  Long Chen.  FINITE ELEMENT METHOD , 2013 .

[17]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  An analysis on free convection flow, heat transfer and entropy generation in an odd-shaped cavity filled with nanofluid , 2014 .

[18]  Behrouz Takabi,et al.  Augmentation of the Heat Transfer Performance of a Sinusoidal Corrugated Enclosure by Employing Hybrid Nanofluid , 2014 .

[19]  P. Ghosh,et al.  A review on hybrid nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications , 2015 .

[20]  N. Sidik,et al.  Recent progress on hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer applications: A comprehensive review , 2016 .

[21]  S. U. Devi,et al.  HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT OF Cu − $Al_{2}O_{3}$/ Water HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW OVER A STRETCHING SHEET , 2017 .

[22]  Antonio C. M. Sousa,et al.  Hybrid nanofluids preparation, thermal properties, heat transfer and friction factor – A review , 2017 .

[23]  J. Babu,et al.  State-of-art review on hybrid nanofluids , 2017 .

[24]  Angel Huminic,et al.  Hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications – A state-of-the-art review , 2018, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

[25]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  MIXED CONVECTION AND ENTROPY GENERATION IN A LID-DRIVEN CAVITY FILLED WITH A HYBRID NANOFLUID AND HEATED BY A TRIANGULAR SOLID , 2018 .

[26]  H. Ali,et al.  Thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids: A critical review , 2018, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

[27]  Ali Sulaiman Alsagri,et al.  Laminar forced convection performance of non-Newtonian water-CNT/Fe3O4 nano-fluid inside a minichannel hairpin heat exchanger: Effect of inlet temperature , 2019, Powder Technology.

[28]  I. Pop,et al.  MHD flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a hybrid nanofluid with a convective boundary condition , 2019, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow.

[29]  I. Pop,et al.  Mixed Convective Stagnation Point Flow towards a Vertical Riga Plate in Hybrid Cu-Al2O3/Water Nanofluid , 2020, Mathematics.

[30]  Ishak Hashim,et al.  Entropy Generation and Mixed Convection Flow Inside a Wavy-Walled Enclosure Containing a Rotating Solid Cylinder and a Heat Source , 2020, Entropy.

[31]  M. Khan,et al.  Dual solutions for mixed convection flow of SiO2−Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid near the stagnation point over a curved surface , 2020 .

[32]  I. Pop,et al.  Flow and heat transfer past a permeable power-law deformable plate with orthogonal shear in a hybrid nanofluid , 2020 .

[33]  I. Pop,et al.  Three-Dimensional Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer past a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Velocity Slip and Convective Condition , 2020 .

[34]  I. R. Ali,et al.  Mixed Convection in a Double Lid-Driven Cavity Filled with Hybrid Nanofluid by Using Finite Volume Method , 2020, Symmetry.

[35]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Convection and Entropy Analysis of Nanofluid in Gamma-Shaped Porous Cavity , 2020 .

[36]  I. Pop,et al.  Transpiration effects on hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking sheet with uniform shear flow , 2020 .

[37]  Mikhail A. Sheremet,et al.  Thermogravitational Convection of Hybrid Nanofluid in a Porous Chamber with a Central Heat-Conducting Body , 2020, Symmetry.

[38]  I. Pop,et al.  Mixed convection of a hybrid nanofluid flow along a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium , 2020 .