Integration of Fuel Cells in Multisource Multiproduct Energy Systems

In the development of fuel cell and energy systems we can observe an increasing complexity, going from simple source-conversion-and product systems to single source multiproduct systems such as combined heat and power and so-called tri-generation systems in which for instance also chemicals can be produced simultaneously with electric power and heat. The logical next step would be to allow not only for multi products, but also for various sources supplied simultaneously to the system. This concept has been proposed by M. Geidl and was called an energy hub. In this paper examples are given of these MSMP systems with fuel cells. Examples are the integration of fuel cells in the existing natural gas infrastructure and in a possible future natural gas infrastructure in which hydrogen is mixed into the natural gas. Also a favorable example is given for the integration of wind energy and high temperature internal reforming fuel cells into a highly efficient system for the co production of hydrogen and electric power.Copyright © 2006 by ASME