Gc globulin (vitamin D‐binding protein) levels: an inhibition ELISA assay for determination of the total concentration of Gc globulin in plasma and serum

Gc globulin, also called vitamin D‐binding protein, is a plasma protein involved in the actin‐scavenger system. In this study, the total Gc globulin concentration in serum or plasma samples was determined using a new, fast, solid‐phase inhibition assay. Included in the study were 228 healthy volunteers (131 M, 97 F), 22 pregnant women, 90 cancer patients and 9 patients with chronic liver disease. Moreover, the degree of complexing with actin was determined in selected samples using crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The Gc globulin level in healthy controls was in the range 176–623 mg/L, showing no age dependency. The median level was found to be significantly higher in women than in men. Gc globulin concentrations were raised during pregnancy, showing a median value of 541 mg/L in the first trimester, and slightly raised to 574 mg/L in the second trimester. Cancer patients showed no changes in Gc globulin level, and there was no sign of increased amounts of complexing with actin. Chronic liver patients showed increased levels of Gc globulin following transplantation, but no signs of complexing with actin. This new solid‐phase inhibition assay is fast, it is a good complement to the existing quantification methods, and it is especially suitable for determination of the Gc globulin status in acute liver patients before and during treatment.

[1]  William M. Lee,et al.  Plasma concentration of Gc-globulin is associated with organ dysfunction and sepsis after injury , 2003, Critical care medicine.

[2]  P. Vestergaard,et al.  Mean serum concentration of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc globulin) is related to the Gc phenotype in women. , 2001, Clinical chemistry.

[3]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  Reconstitution of the actin-scavenger system after orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease: a prospective and longitudinal study. , 1999, Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[4]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  Serum Gc-globulin in the early course of multiple trauma. , 1998, Critical care medicine.

[5]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  Reduced serum Gc-globulin concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure: association with multiple organ failure. , 1997, Critical care medicine.

[6]  W. M. Lee,et al.  Immunonephelometric quantification of group-specific component protein in patients with acute liver failure. , 1997, Liver transplantation and surgery : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[7]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  Admission levels of serum Gc‐globulin: Predictive value in fulminant hepatic failure , 1996, Hepatology.

[8]  B. Hoffman,et al.  Predicting survival in fulminant hepatic failure using serum gc protein concentrations , 1995, Hepatology.

[9]  W. M. Lee,et al.  Alterations in Gc levels and complexing in septic shock. , 1989, Circulatory shock.

[10]  W. M. Lee,et al.  Proportion of circulating Gc (vitamin D-binding protein) in complexed form: relation to clinical outcome in fulminant hepatic necrosis. , 1988, Gastroenterology.

[11]  Manolagas Sc.  Vitamin D and its revelance to cancer. , 1987, Anticancer research.

[12]  T. J. Breen,et al.  Biostatistical Analysis (2nd ed.). , 1986 .

[13]  P. Goldschmidt-Clermont,et al.  Accurate quantitation of native Gc in serum and estimation of endogenous Gc: G-actin complexes by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. , 1985, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[14]  P. Goldschmidt-Clermont,et al.  Decreased serum group‐specific component protein levels and complexes with actin in fulminant hepatic necrosis , 1985, Hepatology.

[15]  J. Haddad,et al.  Brevin and vitamin D binding protein: comparison of the effects of two serum proteins on actin assembly and disassembly. , 1984, Biochemistry.

[16]  P. D. de Moor,et al.  Vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin) binds actin. , 1980, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[17]  J. Maxwell,et al.  Plasma vitamin D-binding globulin in vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy and chronic liver disease. , 1978, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[18]  P. D. de Moor,et al.  The measurement of the vitamin D-binding protein in human serum. , 1977, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[19]  D. Goodman,et al.  Immunological and immunoassay studies of the binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites in human serum. , 1977, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[20]  C. Milstein,et al.  Derivation of specific antibody‐producing tissue culture and tumor lines by cell fusion , 1976, European journal of immunology.

[21]  C. Milstein,et al.  Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity , 1975, Nature.

[22]  William M. Lee,et al.  Erratum: Predicting survival in fulminant hepatic failure using serum Gc protein concentrations (Hepatology (January 1995) 21:1 (101-105)) , 1995 .