Distributed Power Control Considering Different Behavioural Responses of Electric Vehicle Drivers in Photovoltaic Charging Station

A distributed energy management in a photovoltaic charging station (PV-CS) is proposed on the basis of different behavioural responses of electric vehicle (EV) drivers. On the basis of the provider or the consumer of the power, charging station and EVs have been modeled as independent players with different preferences. Because of the selfish behaviour of the individuals and their hierarchies, the power distribution problem is modeled as a noncooperative Stackelberg game. Moreover, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and the most socially stable equilibrium are adopted to solve the problem in hand. The consensus network, a learning-based algorithm, is utilized to let the EVs communicate and update their own charging power in a distributed fashion. Simulation analysis is supported to show the static and dynamic responses as well as the effectiveness and workability of the proposed charging power management. For the sake of showing the responses of Ev drivers, different behavioural responses of EVs’ drivers to the discount on the charging price offered by the station are introduced. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management.