Neuromuscular sequelae of critical illness

Purpose of reviewTo investigate the impact of critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy on short-term and long-term patient outcome. Recent findingsIn the acute-care setting, critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy are important causes of acute paralysis in critically ill comatose patients, and may cause inappropriately pessimistic prognoses. Duration of weaning from artificial ventilation is 2 to 7 times greater in patients with critical illness polyneuropathy than in patients without critical illness polyneuropathy. After intensive care unit and hospital discharge, many patients diagnosed with critical illness polyneuropathy or critical illness myopathy are reported to complain of profound muscle weakness. Chronic disability was a common finding among them. Complete functional recovery with patients regaining the ability to breathe spontaneously and to walk independently was reported in 180 of 263 patients (68.4%); severe disability with tetraparesis, tetraplegia, or paraplegia was reported in 74 patients (28.1%). Persisting milder disabilities were common even in patients with complete functional recovery, and included reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes, stocking and glove sensory loss, muscle atrophy, painful hyperesthesia, and foot drop. An association of critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy with increased intensive care unit and hospital mortality has been demonstrated only in selected intensive care unit populations; data are insufficient to demonstrate any association with long-term mortality. SummaryIntensive care unit-acquired critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy influence the evaluation of acutely ill comatose patients and may instigate unreasonably pessimistic prognosis. Critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy are an important cause of difficult weaning of patients from the ventilator and of persisting muscle weakness and disability after intensive care unit discharge.

[1]  S. Weber-Carstens,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome* , 2005, Critical care medicine.

[2]  J. Garnacho-Montero,et al.  Effect of critical illness polyneuropathy on the withdrawal from mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in septic patients* , 2005, Critical care medicine.

[3]  F. Blasi,et al.  Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a preliminary randomized study. , 2005, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[4]  F. Leijten,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and weaning from the ventilator , 1996, Intensive Care Medicine.

[5]  J. Willeit,et al.  Polyneuropathies in critically ill patients: A prospective evaluation , 1996, Intensive Care Medicine.

[6]  L. Tsai,et al.  Neuromuscular disorders in severe acute respiratory syndrome. , 2004, Archives of neurology.

[7]  A. Beelen,et al.  Functional outcome in patients with critical illness polyneuropathy , 2004, Disability and rehabilitation.

[8]  Djillali Annane,et al.  Corticosteroids for severe sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[9]  Laurent Brochard,et al.  Does ICU-acquired paresis lengthen weaning from mechanical ventilation? , 2004, Intensive Care Medicine.

[10]  Nicola Latronico,et al.  The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome , 2003, Intensive Care Medicine.

[11]  N. Latronico.  Neuromuscular alterations in the critically ill patient: critical illness myopathy, critical illness neuropathy, or both? , 2003, Intensive Care Medicine.

[12]  F. Leijten.  Survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  V. P. Misra,et al.  Persistent neuromuscular and neurophysiologic abnormalities in long-term survivors of prolonged critical illness* , 2003, Critical care medicine.

[14]  Arthur S Slutsky,et al.  One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  W. Binder,et al.  Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[16]  M. Meade,et al.  Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sustained Neuromuscular Blockade in the Adult Critically Ill Patient , 2016, Critical care medicine.

[17]  Isabelle Durand-Zaleski,et al.  Paresis acquired in the intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter study. , 2002, JAMA.

[18]  M. Vermeulen,et al.  Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review , 2002, The Lancet Neurology.

[19]  D. Beek,et al.  Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis , 2002 .

[20]  A. Giuditta,et al.  Axonal and presynaptic protein synthesis: new insights into the biology of the neuron , 2002, Trends in Neurosciences.

[21]  Sudhir Srivastava,et al.  Markers for early detection of cancer: Statistical guidelines for nested case-control studies , 2002, BMC medical research methodology.

[22]  K. Schulz,et al.  Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes , 2002, The Lancet.

[23]  C. Roussos,et al.  Clinical review: Severe asthma , 2001, Critical care.

[24]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[25]  M Schetz,et al.  Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  J. Garnacho-Montero,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy: risk factors and clinical consequences. A cohort study in septic patients , 2001, Intensive Care Medicine.

[27]  P. Joseph,et al.  Critical Illness Polyneuropathy , 2000, European Neurology.

[28]  U. Zifko.  Long‐term outcome of critical illness polyneuropathy , 2000, Muscle & nerve. Supplement.

[29]  P. Joseph,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy. A 2-year follow-up study in 19 severe cases. , 2000, European neurology.

[30]  I. R. Ghosh,et al.  Reversible tetraplegia due to polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient with hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma , 1999, Intensive Care Medicine.

[31]  N. Latronico,et al.  Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure after ICU discharge , 1999, Intensive Care Medicine.

[32]  R. Griffiths,et al.  Recovery from intensive care , 1999, BMJ.

[33]  N. Latronico,et al.  Muscular Wasting as a Consequence of Sepsis , 1999 .

[34]  N. Latronico,et al.  Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure after ICU discharge. Report of five patients. , 1999, Intensive care medicine.

[35]  C. Kummerlen,et al.  [Polyneuropathy and neuromyopathy in intensive care. 4 new cases]. , 1998, Revue neurologique.

[36]  G. Meduri,et al.  Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. , 1998, JAMA.

[37]  M. Giuliani,et al.  Causes of neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit: A study of ninety‐two patients , 1998, Muscle & nerve.

[38]  D. Recupero,et al.  Acute quadriplegia with delayed onset and rapid recovery. Case report. , 1998, Journal of neurosurgery.

[39]  A. V. Van Cott,et al.  Acute myopathy after liver transplantation , 1998, Neurology.

[40]  M. Rubin,et al.  Hemiparetic acute myopathy of intensive care progressing to triplegia. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[41]  J. Brucher,et al.  Acute corticosteroid myopathy in intensive care patients , 1997, Muscle & nerve.

[42]  A. Straube,et al.  Single‐fiber electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and conventional electromyography in patients with critical‐illness polyneuropathy: Evidence for a lesion of terminal motor axons , 1997, Muscle & nerve.

[43]  F. Leijten,et al.  The neurological examination in the assessment of polyneuropathy in mechanically ventilated patients , 1997, European journal of neurology.

[44]  W. Hacke,et al.  Randomised trial of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and combined treatments in Guillain-Barre syndrome , 1997 .

[45]  Plasma-ExchangeSandoglobulinGuillain-Barré Syndrome Trial Group.  Randomised trial of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and combined treatments in Guillain-Barré syndrome , 1997, The Lancet.

[46]  M. Elstad,et al.  Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia following prolonged pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade. , 1997, Chest.

[47]  A. V. Van Cott,et al.  Acute myopathy of intensive care: Clinical, electromyographic, and pathological aspects , 1996, Annals of neurology.

[48]  J. Antognini,et al.  Extra-junctional receptors and neuromuscular blocking drugs , 1996 .

[49]  D. Krieger,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy: clinical findings and outcomes of a frequent cause of neuromuscular weaning failure. , 1996 .

[50]  D. Recupero,et al.  Critical illness myopathy and neuropathy , 1996, The Lancet.

[51]  M. Rich,et al.  Muscle is electrically inexcitable in acute quadriplegic myopathy , 1996, Neurology.

[52]  F. Leijten,et al.  The role of polyneuropathy in motor convalescence after prolonged mechanical ventilation. , 1996, JAMA.

[53]  J. Mogelof,et al.  Critical illness neuropathy: diagnosis and management. , 1995, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[54]  Frank E. Harrell,et al.  Identification of Comatose Patients at High Risk for Death or Severe Disability , 1995 .

[55]  Y. Auroy,et al.  Impact De La Mise En Œuvre d'Une Feuille De Controle d'Ouverture De Salle d'Operation , 1995 .

[56]  E. Chailleux,et al.  Déficits neuromusculaires secondaires en réanimation , 1995 .

[57]  V. Souron,et al.  [Secondary neuromuscular deficiencies in critical care patients]. , 1995, Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation.

[58]  L. Goldman,et al.  Identification of comatose patients at high risk for death or severe disability. SUPPORT Investigators. Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. , 1995, JAMA.

[59]  E. Wijdicks,et al.  Failure of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins to alter the clinical course of critical illness polyneuropathy. , 1994, Muscle & nerve.

[60]  H. Cushing.  The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism). 1932. , 1994, Obesity research.

[61]  G. Verheul,et al.  Critical illness polyneuromyopathy , 1994, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

[62]  M. Magistris,et al.  Neuromuscular disorder in intensive care unit patients treated with pancuronium bromide. Occurrence in a cluster group of seven patients and two sporadic cases, with electrophysiologic and histologic examination. , 1994, Chest.

[63]  D. Ramsay,et al.  Acute necrotizing myopathy of intensive care: Electrophysiological studies , 1994, Muscle & nerve.

[64]  N. Aronin,et al.  The myopathy of Cushing's syndrome. , 1993, Muscle & nerve.

[65]  L. S. Murray,et al.  Does prediction of outcome alter patient management? , 1993, The Lancet.

[66]  R. Hughes,et al.  Acute neuromuscular respiratory paralysis. , 1993, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[67]  A. Ropper,et al.  Acute respiratory failure neuropathy: A variant of critical illness polyneuropathy , 1993, Critical care medicine.

[68]  N. Latronico,et al.  Acute reversible paralysis in critically ill patients , 1993 .

[69]  D. Coursin,et al.  Acute myopathy during treatment of status asthmaticus with corticosteroids and steroidal muscle relaxants. , 1992, Chest.

[70]  R. Schellens,et al.  Critical illness polyneuromyopathy after artificial respiration , 1991, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

[71]  P. Souney,et al.  Pancuronium‐induced prolonged neuromuscular blockade , 1991, Critical care medicine.

[72]  S. Apte-Kakade.  Rehabilitation of patients with quadriparesis after treatment of status asthmaticus with neuromuscular blocking agents and high-dose corticosteroids. , 1991, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[73]  Prolonged paralysis after treatment with neuromuscular junction blocking agents , 1991, Critical care medicine.

[74]  W. Sibbald,et al.  Peripheral nerve function in sepsis and multiple organ failure. , 1991, Chest.

[75]  B. Partridge,et al.  Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after long-term infusion of vecuronium bromide in the intensive care unit. , 1990, Critical care medicine.

[76]  E. Zomer,et al.  [Critical illness polyneuropathy]. , 1990, Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde.

[77]  A. Mercatello,et al.  Polyneuropathy: potential cause of difficult weaning. , 1990, Critical Care Medicine.

[78]  R. Russell,et al.  Peripheral neuropathy complicating pancreatitis and major pancreatic surgery. , 1988, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[79]  C. Bolton,et al.  Critical illness polyneuropathy. A complication of sepsis and multiple organ failure. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[80]  J. Mazaux,et al.  [Polyneuropathies during prolonged stays in resuscitation]. , 1987, Revue neurologique.

[81]  W. Sibbald,et al.  Critically ill polyneuropathy: electrophysiological studies and differentiation from Guillain-Barré syndrome. , 1986, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[82]  H. Laak,et al.  Neuromuscular complications in patients given pavulon/sr (pancuronium bromide) during artificial ventilation , 1985, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

[83]  W. Sibbald,et al.  Polyneuropathy in critically ill patients. , 1984, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[84]  D. DuBois,et al.  A possible role for glucocorticoids in denervation atrophy , 1981, Muscle & nerve.

[85]  B. Jennett,et al.  Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. , 1974, Lancet.

[86]  L. Kruger.  Commentary on the effect of electricity on muscular motion , 1954 .