Evaluation properties of bioelectrodes based on carbon superfine materials containing model microorganisms Gluconobacter

We have studied the properties of a bioelectrode formed by the immobilization of Gluconobacter oxydans bacterial cells on carbon superfine materials (CSMs). We use three types of CSMs (as adopted by the working classification CSM 1–3) with different carbonization rates. The bioelectrode is formed by covering the surface of the CSM suspension of bacteria in a chitosan gel. The properties of samples are evaluated by measuring the physiological state of the bacteria immobilized: (a) recording the intensity of cellular respiration, (b) for measuring the charge transport characteristics of electrode (bioelectrocatalysis), and (c) by measuring the electrode impedance. Measurements (b) and (c) are made on two and three-electrode circuits in the oxidation of ethanol in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenol bacteria electron transport mediator. For CSMs 1 and 2 the electron transport by the oxidation of the substrate is not registered, while for CSM 3 the current generation occurs. The resistance of CSM 3 bioelectrode is below the resistance of CSMs 1 and 2 both before (39.6 kΩ/cm2 for CSM 3, 630 Ω/cm2 for CSM 2, and 1329 Ω/cm2 for CSM 1) and after the addition of the substrate (2.9 kΩ/cm2 for CSM 3, 45 kΩ/cm2 for CSM 2, and 58 kΩ/cm2 for CSM 1). The bioelectrode made of CSM 3 has a capacitance of 196 μF/cm2—greater than two orders of magnitude of the bioelectrode capacity of CSMs 1 and 2 (0.51 and 0.58 μF/cm2, respectively). It is important to further study the properties of the CSM class of materials, which are promising as the basis of mechanically flexible electrodes with controlled parameters.

[1]  Y. Hsieh,et al.  Carbon nanofibers with nanoporosity and hollow channels from binary polyacrylonitrile systems , 2009 .

[2]  Hong Liu,et al.  Power generation in fed-batch microbial fuel cells as a function of ionic strength, temperature, and reactor configuration. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  Derek R. Lovley,et al.  Live wires: direct extracellular electron exchange for bioenergy and the bioremediation of energy-related contamination , 2011 .

[4]  R. Othman,et al.  ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER - THE HYBRID OF CARBON FIBER AND ACTIVATED CARBON , 2014 .

[5]  M. Gevelber,et al.  Investigation of electrospun fiber diameter distribution and process variations , 2010 .

[6]  Bogdan Cramariuc,et al.  Fiber diameter in electrospinning process , 2013 .

[7]  Zhen He,et al.  Exploring the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in microbial fuel cell studies , 2009 .

[8]  Joselito M. Razal,et al.  Super-tough carbon-nanotube fibres , 2003, Nature.

[9]  R. Greene,et al.  Evaluation of a Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose , 1997 .

[10]  Satish Kumar,et al.  Structure and electrochemical properties of activated polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers containing carbon nanotubes , 2008 .

[11]  Yongyou Hu,et al.  Bio-cathode materials evaluation in microbial fuel cells: A comparison of graphite felt, carbon paper and stainless steel mesh materials , 2012 .

[12]  A. N. Reshetilov.  Biosensors and biofuel cells: Research focused on practical application (Review) , 2015, Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology.

[13]  Eyal Zussman,et al.  Mechanical and structural characterization of electrospun PAN-derived carbon nanofibers , 2005 .

[14]  Mustakeem.  Electrode materials for microbial fuel cells: nanomaterial approach , 2015, Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy.

[15]  A. Orekhov,et al.  Rheological Features of Fiber Spinning from Polyacrylonitrile Solutions in an Electric Field. Structure and Properties , 2014, Fibre Chemistry.

[16]  Chengguo Wang,et al.  Chemical structure evolution and mechanism during pre-carbonization of PAN-based stabilized fiber in the temperature range of 350–600 °C , 2007 .

[17]  Darrell H. Reneker,et al.  Development of carbon nanofibers from aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber bundles and characterization of their microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties , 2009 .

[18]  S. Belousov,et al.  Effect of low molecular additives on the electrospinning of nonwoven materials from a polyamide-6 melt , 2016, Polymer Science Series A.

[19]  W. Zhang,et al.  Characterization on oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers prepared by electrospinning , 2007 .

[20]  B. Logan,et al.  Electricity-producing bacterial communities in microbial fuel cells. , 2006, Trends in microbiology.

[21]  F. Yin,et al.  A glucose biosensor based on Prussian blue/chitosan hybrid film. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Stephen Z. D. Cheng,et al.  Simultaneously strong and tough ultrafine continuous nanofibers. , 2013, ACS nano.

[23]  A. Ismail,et al.  Microstructure of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers prepared from solvent-free coagulation process , 2016 .

[24]  H. Kahn,et al.  Mechanical deformation and failure of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as a function of strain rate , 2007 .

[25]  J. Tkáč,et al.  Is graphene worth using in biofuel cells , 2014 .

[26]  J. Santiago-Avilés,et al.  Conductivity measurement of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofiber , 2002 .