Spectroscopic measurements of nonequilibrium CO2 plasma in RF torch

Abstract This paper deals with the experimental study of the CO2 dissociation in a RF plasma torch at low pressure. Experiments have been carried out for different initial conditions in order to study the influence of the pressure and the power on the plasma characteristics. Furthermore the emission spectroscopic measurements have been performed at four different locations to investigate the evolution of the plasma chemistry from the creation zone to downstream. The results have confirmed that the CO2 plasma is in thermal and chemical nonequilibrium. For each condition, we have obtained the estimation of CO and O densities on their ground state from the chemiluminescent emission; and the rebuilding of experimental spectra has provided the species density on their excited states: O(3p5P), O(3p3P) and CO(B1Σ+). The discussion of the experimental data has led to make out a description of the chemical processes for the CO2 plasma under dissociation and has highlighted the main role of the vibrational excitation and relaxation on the kinetic mechanisms.

[1]  S. Mrozowski.  On the ?u2??g2 Bands of CO2+. Part III , 1947 .

[2]  S. Mrozowski.  On the Π u 2 → Π g 2 Bands of C O 2 + . Part II , 1942 .

[3]  M. Vanpee,et al.  The emission spectrum of the carbon monoxide-fluorine premixed flame , 1978 .

[4]  A. G. Gaydon.  The spectroscopy of flames , 1957 .

[5]  C. Amiot,et al.  Fourier transform spectroscopy of the CO Ångström bands , 1985 .

[6]  P. Capezzuto,et al.  Contribution of vibrational excitation to the rate of carbon dioxide dissociation in electrical discharges , 1976 .

[7]  B. Mahan,et al.  Carbon Monoxide—Oxygen Atom Reaction , 1962 .

[8]  C. Vidal,et al.  Electron impact dissociative ionization of CO2: Measurements with a focusing time-of-flight mass spectrometer , 1998 .

[9]  I. Clark.  The Chemical Kinetics of CO2 Atmospheres , 1971 .

[10]  C. R. Vidal,et al.  Single to quadruple ionization of CO 2 due to electron impact , 1998 .

[11]  Facundo Bueso-Sanllehí.  Rotational Analysis of the 2900A Band of CO2 , 1941 .

[12]  A. G. Gaydon,et al.  The luminous reaction between carbon monoxide and atomic oxygen , 1953 .

[13]  B. Myers,et al.  Shock‐Tube Study of the Radiative Processes in Systems Containing Atomic Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide at High Temperature , 1967 .

[14]  A. Chikhaoui,et al.  Radiation Measurements in a Shock Tube for Titan Mixtures , 2007 .

[15]  M. Rytel,et al.  The Ångstrom (B 1Sigma+ - A 1Pi) system of the CO molecules: new observations and analyses , 1993 .

[16]  V. Lunin,et al.  The kinetics of chemical reactions in the products of dissociation of the CO2−H2 gas mixture in microwave discharge , 2000 .

[17]  M. Tsuji,et al.  Nascent rovibrational distribution of CO(A 1Π) produced in the recombination of CO+2 with electrons , 1995 .

[18]  R. S. Mulliken.  Electronic Structures of Polyatomic Molecules and Valence , 1932 .

[19]  J. H. Scanlon,et al.  Calculation of CO(X1Σ+) + 0(3P) recombination chemiluminescence spectrum , 1986 .

[20]  C. Lin,et al.  Electron excitation of electronic states of CO molecule , 1974 .

[21]  V. Zakharov,et al.  Plasma-chemical CO(2) decomposition in a non-self-sustained discharge with a controlled electronic component of plasma. , 2004, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[22]  L. Polak.  Elementary chemical processes and kinetics in a non-equilibrium and quasi-equilibrium plasma , 1974 .

[23]  Henry,et al.  Oscillator strengths and electron collisional excitation cross sections for atomic oxygen. , 1989, Physical review. A, General physics.

[24]  M. Tsuji,et al.  Nascent rovibrational distributions of CO(d 3Δi,e 3Σ−,a′ 3Σ+) produced in the dissociative recombination of CO2+ with electrons , 1998 .

[25]  M. P. Skrzypkowski,et al.  Measurement of the absolute yield of CO(a 3Π)+O products in the dissociative recombination of CO2+ ions with electrons , 1998 .

[26]  A. Bell,et al.  Kinetics of the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and the Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide in a Radiofrequency Electric Discharge. II. Theoretical Interpretation , 1974 .

[27]  G. Schulz.  Cross Sections and Electron Affinity forO−Ions FromO2, CO, and CO2by Electron Impact , 1962 .

[28]  T. S. Wauchop,et al.  Lifetime and quenching of CO /a super 3 pi/ produced by recombination of CO2 ions in a helium afterglow. , 1972 .

[29]  B. Thrush,et al.  Mechanism of chemiluminescent combination reactions involving oxygen atoms , 1962, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[30]  V. Zhaunerchyk,et al.  Rate constants and branching ratios for the dissociative recombination of CO2(+). , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[31]  Sun,et al.  Electronic excitation of carbon monoxide by low-energy electron impact. , 1992, Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics.

[32]  A. Bell,et al.  Kinetics of the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and the Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide in a Radiofrequency Electric Discharge. I. Experimental Results , 1974 .

[33]  Viswanathan,et al.  Chiral symmetry at finite temperatures and densities in the Coulomb gauge. , 1988, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[34]  R. Johnsen,et al.  Absolute yields of CO(a′ 3Σ+, d 3Δi,e 3Σ−)+O from the dissociative recombination of CO2+ ions with electrons , 2003 .

[35]  R. Dixon.  The carbon monoxide flame bands , 1963, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[36]  J. Fox.  Effects of dissociative recombination on the composition of planetary atmospheres , 2005 .

[37]  J. McConkey,et al.  On O(1S) and CO(a 3 Pi ) production from electron impact dissociation of CO2 , 1994 .

[38]  K. Kutszegi Corvin,et al.  DISSOCIATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE POSITIVE COLUMN OF A GLOW DISCHARGE. , 1969 .

[39]  A. Grillo,et al.  High temperature rate coefficient measurements of CO + O chemiluminescence , 1985 .

[40]  Byung-Ki Na,et al.  Decomposition of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in a Radio-Frequency Discharge , 1999 .

[41]  K. Becker,et al.  CO Chemiluminescence from Flames , 1968 .

[42]  M. McElroy,et al.  Dissociation of CO2 in the Martian Atmosphere , 1971 .

[43]  J. Ajello.  Emission Cross Sections of CO by Electron Impact in the Interval 1260–5000 Å. I , 1971 .

[44]  A. Kobayashi,et al.  Treatment of CO2 gas by high-energy type plasma , 2002 .

[45]  A. Fridman,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: The physics of a chemically active plasma with nonequilibrium vibrational excitation of molecules , 1981 .

[46]  J. Woolsey,et al.  Absolute cross sections for ionization and excitation of CO2 by electron impact , 1968 .

[47]  A. L. Morse,et al.  Studies of the CO2+ [A2Πu → X2Πg] bands using photon excitation from the neutral molecule , 1969 .

[48]  L. H. Andersen,et al.  Dissociative recombination of the cation and dication of CO 2 , 2003 .