Operation of a piezoelectric transducer in a voltage generator and current generator circuits

Methods for obtaining all transfer functions of a piezoelectric transducer with allowance for its electrical load were considered. In the emission mode, equivalent voltage and current generators were introduced. In the reception mode, Tevenen’s and Norton’s theorems for equivalent voltage and current generators were used. A comparison of the main formulas obtained with the previously found solutions has shown that the constructed derivation schemes are true. These formulas can be applied to transducers with an arbitrary number of active and passive layers. Recommendations for using the results of this work were presented. These results can be useful in developing both transducers and flaw detectors.