Radio frequency channel modeling for proximity networks on the Martian surface

NASA's long-term goals for the exploration of Mars include the use of rovers and sensors which communicate through proximity wireless networks. The performance of any such wireless network depends fundamentally on the radio frequency (RF) environment. In order to evaluate and optimize the performance of such a wireless network, a basic understanding or model of the channel is important. In this paper, we present our results concerning the RF environment at selected sites on the surface of Mars with a focus on the link budget and RF coverage patterns. These results take into account the local topography using data from the Mars Global Surveyor, surface reflections, clutter, atmospheric absorption, etc., and contribute to a more accurate RF channel model. We consider a basic wireless network model and demonstrate the possibility for good site coverage and long links despite low antenna heights and radiated power. With such a channel model, mission operators can update elements of the wireless network after deployment with more accurate RF propagation information. Such updates could be used to extend the reach of the network or protect network elements from communication outages due to unforeseen features of the local topography.