Area Coverage Optimization in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Network

During the development of wireless sensor networks for smart cities, deployment of nodes in three-dimensional space is important factor as data loss in such cases will be very critical issue. It is a challenge for deterministic sensor deployment to cover the entire space. Coverage is essential performance estimation of the service delivered by wireless sensor networks for smart cities. Coverage characterizes how well the sensing objective of network is accomplished. Managing network coverage is thus important in smart cities. While node placement in two-dimensional terrestrial networks has been broadly studied, their three-dimensional counterparts have received little attention because of development of smart cities. A three-dimensional coverage pattern and deployment structure based on cuboid are proposed in this paper. Relationship between the radius of sensor node and coverage is derived and at the same time, fewer number of nodes to preserve network region’s full coverage is computed. We further formulate and solve an optimization problem for maximizing the entire space. Finally, Monitor region is partitioned into three-dimensional grid and according to coverage pattern, nodes are deployed. More precisely, simulations showed reveal that the number of node is decreased to a large extent compared with traditional deployed method such as cube and regular tetrahedron deployment scheme.