Performance Evaluation and Implementation of FPGA Based SGSF in Smart Diagnostic Applications

The main objective of the paper is to implement Savitzky Golay Smoothing Filter (SGSF) so as to apply in pre-processing of real time smart medical diagnostic systems. As very important information of EEG and ECG waveforms lies in the peak of the signal, hence it becomes absolutely necessary to filter noise and artifacts from the signal. The implemented filter should be able to reject the noise efficiently along with the least distortion from the original signal. The shape preserving characteristics of the filter are determined by introducing different noise levels in the signal. The designed filter is tested on synthetic signals of EEG and ECG by adding different types of noise and the performance is analysed on various parameters, i.e., SNR, SSNR, SNRI, MSE, COR and signal distortion of the final output. The smoothing performance comparison of SGSF with the most commonly used Moving Average Filter (MAF) proves that SGSF is more efficient. Hence it is suggested that MAF can be replaced by SGSF. For real time issues, it is further implemented on reconfigurable architectures so as to achieve high speed, low cost, low power consumption and less area. Therefore SGSF is realized on FPGA platform to combine the advantages of both. Real time EEG and ECG signals are also considered for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology (FPGA-SGSF) significantly reduces the processing time and preserves the actual features of the signal.

[1]  Yunfeng Wu,et al.  Filtering electrocardiographic signals using an unbiased and normalized adaptive noise reduction system. , 2009, Medical engineering & physics.

[2]  Gilwon Yoon,et al.  ECG/PPG Integer Signal Processing for a Ubiquitous Health Monitoring System , 2010, Journal of Medical Systems.

[3]  Chin-Teng Lin,et al.  Development of Wireless Brain Computer Interface With Embedded Multitask Scheduling and its Application on Real-Time Driver's Drowsiness Detection and Warning , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[4]  Ronald W. Schafer,et al.  What Is a Savitzky-Golay Filter? [Lecture Notes] , 2011, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[5]  Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury,et al.  A High-Performance FPGA-Based Fuzzy Processor Architecture for Medical Diagnosis , 2008, IEEE Micro.

[6]  Derek Abbott,et al.  Revisiting QRS Detection Methodologies for Portable, Wearable, Battery-Operated, and Wireless ECG Systems , 2014, PloS one.

[7]  Ivo Iliev,et al.  Online Digital Filter and QRS Detector Applicable in Low Resource ECG Monitoring Systems , 2008, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[8]  Daniel Coca,et al.  Peptide Mass Fingerprinting Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[9]  A. Erfanian,et al.  suppression using recurrent neural network for electro-encephalogram based brain-computer interface , 2005 .

[10]  Lotfi Senhadji,et al.  Investigation of the modulation between EEG alpha waves and slow/fast delta waves in children in different depths of Desflurane anesthesia , 2010 .

[11]  Cagatay Candan,et al.  A unified framework for derivation and implementation of Savitzky-Golay filters , 2014, Signal Process..

[12]  Erich Schröger,et al.  Digital filter design for electrophysiological data – a practical approach , 2015, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[13]  S. Hargittai Savitzky-Golay least-squares polynomial filters in ECG signal processing , 2005, Computers in Cardiology, 2005.

[14]  Hamed Azami,et al.  A New Signal Segmentation Approach Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Intelligent Savitzky-Golay Filter , 2013 .

[15]  Babak Mahmoudi,et al.  Real-time eye blink suppression using neural adaptive filters for EEG-based brain computer interface , 2002, Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

[16]  Khadija Baba,et al.  Enhancing Geophysical Signals Through the Use of Savitzky-Golay filtering method , 2014 .

[17]  Christian Jutten,et al.  A Nonlinear Bayesian Filtering Framework for ECG Denoising , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[18]  Olivier Caspary,et al.  Denoising Depth EEG Signals During DBS Using Filtering and Subspace Decomposition , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  Yan Li,et al.  DXi UXi : ( 5 ) We propose an improvement on the Savitzky – Golay method by reconsidering Eq . ( 5 ) based on the Gauss – Seidel iterative procedure , 2014 .

[20]  Yun Chiu,et al.  A motion-artifact tracking and compensation technique for dry-contact EEG monitoring system , 2014, 2014 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB).

[21]  Po-Lei Lee,et al.  Hardware Implementation of EMD Using DSP and FPGA for Online Signal Processing , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  I. Osorio,et al.  Least squares acceleration filtering for the estimation of signal derivatives and sharpness at extrema [and application to biological signals] , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[23]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  A Novel Algorithm for Bluetooth ECG , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  Telnaz Zarifi,et al.  FPGA implementation of image processing technique for blood samples characterization , 2014, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[25]  V. Padmajothi,et al.  BRAIN CONTROLLED SMART HOME NETWORK BASED ON COGNITIVE STATE , 2015 .

[26]  Vijander Singh,et al.  Prospects and limitations of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy , 2015, Biomed. Signal Process. Control..

[27]  William Z Rymer,et al.  Suppression of stimulus artifact contaminating electrically evoked electromyography. , 2014, NeuroRehabilitation.

[28]  Sang-Eun Park,et al.  Design and Implementation of Digital Filters for Mobile Healthcare Applications , 2014 .

[29]  An-Xin Zhao,et al.  The parameters optimization selection of Savitzky-Golay filter and its application in smoothing pretreatment for FTIR spectra , 2014, 2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[30]  A. M. Torres,et al.  A method for removing noise from continuous brain signal recordings , 2013, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[31]  Arti Khaparde,et al.  Under Water Noise Reduction Using Wavelet and Savitzky-Golay , 2014, CSE 2014.

[32]  Mahsa Raeiatibanadkooki,et al.  Real Time Processing and Transferring ECG Signal by a Mobile Phone , 2014, Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH.

[33]  Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury,et al.  Medical Diagnosis Using Adaptive Perceptive Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Hardware Realization using Field Programmable Gate Array , 2009, Journal of Medical Systems.

[34]  Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury,et al.  FPGA realization of a smart processing system for clinical diagnostic applications using pipelined datapath architectures , 2008, Microprocess. Microsystems.

[35]  Zoltan German-Sallo Signal Processing using FPGA Structures , 2014 .

[36]  Shao-Wei Lu,et al.  EEG-based brain-computer interface for smart living environmental auto-adjustment , 2010 .

[37]  Sophocles J. Orfanidis,et al.  Introduction to signal processing , 1995 .

[38]  Steven W. Smith,et al.  The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing , 1997 .

[39]  Chakchai So-In,et al.  Real-Time ECG Noise Reduction with QRS Complex Detection for Mobile Health Services , 2015 .

[40]  Robert S. Leiken,et al.  A User’s Guide , 2011 .

[41]  A. Savitzky,et al.  Smoothing and Differentiation of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures. , 1964 .

[42]  Sen M. Kuo,et al.  Real-time digital signal processing , 2001 .

[43]  Yun-Hong Noh,et al.  Implementation of a Data Packet Generator Using Pattern Matching for Wearable ECG Monitoring Systems , 2014, Sensors.

[44]  Gregory A. Miller,et al.  Digital filtering in EEG/ERP analysis: Some technical and empirical comparisons , 1998 .