Agent-Based Modelling of Pedestrian Movements: The Questions That Need to Be Asked and Answered

Vulnerable road users have steadily attracted increased importance in transport and planning. The behaviour of pedestrian movements (especially in the areas off but adjacent to roads) requires improved tools to address the issues now being raised. Such behaviour and interactions can now be modelled by using a combination of massively parallel processes simulating individual pedestrians, and a series of behaviours of these simulated pedestrians in the interactions with each other and their environment. The PEDFLOW model has been implemented in the parallel processing language Occam as an agent-based evolutionary system, which allows extensive modelling of detailed pedestrian behaviour with minimal complication. The principles and methodology of its development and application are specified.

[1]  K. Lewin.  Field theory in social science , 1951 .

[2]  B. D. Hankin,et al.  Passenger Flow in Subways , 1958 .

[3]  R. J. Wheeler,et al.  PEDESTRIAN FLOW CHARACTERISTICS , 1969 .

[4]  B. Pushkarev.  URBAN SPACE FOR PEDESTRIANS , 1975 .

[5]  J. Goldschmidt.  PEDESTRIAN DELAY AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT , 1977 .

[6]  J Hunt,et al.  DELAYS TO PEDESTRIANS CROSSING THE ROAD AT A RANDOM POINT , 1982 .

[7]  J G Hunt,et al.  DELAYS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS. 1. SITE OBSERVATIONS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF DATA , 1984 .

[8]  J G Hunt,et al.  Delays at pedestrian crossings - 3. The development and validation of a simulation model of a pelican crossing , 1984 .

[9]  C. Wright.  Geometric delay to pedestrians , 1985 .

[10]  Prianka N. Seneviratne,et al.  Level of Service on Pedestrian Facilities , 1985 .

[11]  J G Hunt,et al.  DELAYS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS - 4. MATHEMATICAL MODELS , 1985 .

[12]  E. Krupat,et al.  People in Cities: The Urban Environment and its Effects , 1985 .

[13]  I. G. Turvey,et al.  Pedestrian Amenity: Testing the Coventry Model , 1987 .

[14]  T Annesley,et al.  Development and application of pedestrian assignment models in London railway station studies , 1989 .

[15]  D. Walmsley,et al.  The Pace of Pedestrian Flows in Cities , 1989 .

[16]  P. Timms,et al.  INCLUSION OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS IN NETWORK PLANNING MODELS , 1991 .

[17]  Shokri Z. Selim,et al.  On the Modeling of Pedestrian Flow on the Jamarat Bridge , 1991, Transp. Sci..

[18]  Nigel G Harris.  MODELLING WALK LINK CONGESTION AND THE PRIORITISATION OF CONGESTION RELIEF , 1991 .

[19]  J G Hunt,et al.  PEDESTRIAN CROSSING CRITERIA RESEARCH - RANDOM CROSSING MODEL , 1991 .

[20]  P N Daly,et al.  Pedestrian speed/flow relationships for underground stations , 1991 .

[21]  J. Hunt,et al.  Crossing the road: a method of assessing pedestrian crossing difficulty , 1993 .

[22]  Julian Paul Hine,et al.  Traffic barriers : the impact of traffic on pedestrian behaviour , 1994 .

[23]  M. Wigan.  WALKING TREATED AS A TRANSPORT MODE , 1995 .

[24]  Julian Hine,et al.  The impact of traffic on pedestrian behaviour 2. Assessing the traffic barrier on radial routes , 1996 .

[25]  Julian Hine,et al.  Pedestrian travel experiences: Assessing the impact of traffic on behaviour and perceptions of safety using an in-depth interview technique , 1996 .

[26]  J L Hine,et al.  The impact of traffic on pedestrian behaviour. i: measuring the traffic barrier , 1996 .

[27]  D. Helbing,et al.  Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds , 1998, cond-mat/9806152.

[28]  Dmegw Danielle Snellen,et al.  The relationship between urban form and activity patterns: preliminary conclusions from an activity diary survey , 1998 .

[29]  David A. Fisher,et al.  Emergent algorithms-a new method for enhancing survivability in unbounded systems , 1999, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers.

[30]  Mordechai Haklay,et al.  STREETS: an agent-based pedestrian model , 1999 .

[31]  David Wood,et al.  Synchronisation primitives for highly parallel discrete event simulations , 1999, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers.