A Schottky-Diode-Based Wake-Up Receiver for IoT Applications

This paper presents an always-on low-power wakeup receiver (WuRx) that activates the remainder of the system when a wake-up signal is detected. The proposed receiver has two phases of waking up. The first phase uses an integrated CMOS Schottky diodes to detect the signal power at a low bias current. The approach dissipates low quiescent power and allows the reuse of the design in multiple frequency bands with only modifying the matching network. In the second phase, a data-locked startable oscillator is proposed to correlate the received data with a target signature. This design eliminates the area and power dissipation of an external crystal oscillator and only turns on when the second phase is activated. By correlating to a target signature, the second phase also reduces the probability of a false alarm (PFA) that would otherwise wake up the high-power bulk of the system. The two-phase approach leads to significant reduction in average power consumption when compared to a single-phase design. This implementation targets sub-ms wake-up latency and operates in the unlicensed band at a 750-MHz carrier frequency with a data rate of 200 kbps. The design achieves ∼8.45pJ/bit and <-50 dBm of input sensitivity and average power of 1.69μW. The system is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 1mm×0.75mm.

[1]  Chih-Kong Ken Yang,et al.  A 92%-Efficiency Battery Powered Hybrid DC-DC Converter for IoT Applications , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[2]  Benton H. Calhoun,et al.  Interference Robust Detector-First Near-Zero Power Wake-Up Receiver , 2019, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[3]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  A 2.4 GHz Interferer-Resilient Wake-Up Receiver Using A Dual-IF Multi-Stage N-Path Architecture , 2016, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[4]  Hoi-Jun Yoo,et al.  A 39 µW body channel communication wake-up receiver with injection-locking ring-oscillator for wireless body area network , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[5]  Pieter Harpe,et al.  A 915MHz 120μW-RX/900μW-TX envelope-detection transceiver with 20dB in-band interference tolerance , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[6]  Dong Sam Ha,et al.  A New Approach to Low-Power and Low-Latency Wake-Up Receiver System for Wireless Sensor Nodes , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[7]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  A 2GHz 52 μW Wake-Up Receiver with -72dBm Sensitivity Using Uncertain-IF Architecture , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[8]  David D. Wentzloff,et al.  26.8 A 236nW −56.5dBm-sensitivity bluetooth low-energy wakeup receiver with energy harvesting in 65nm CMOS , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC).

[9]  Xin Liu,et al.  A 2.4/5.8 GHz 10 μW wake-up receiver with −65/−50 dBm sensitivity using direct active rf detection , 2012, 2012 IEEE Asian Solid State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC).

[10]  Guido Dolmans,et al.  Noise and Sensitivity in RF Envelope Detection Receivers , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[11]  Tao Wang,et al.  A 0.45-V Low-Power OOK/FSK RF Receiver in 0.18 $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS Technology for Implantable Medical Applications , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[12]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  An Ultra-Low-Power Energy-Efficient Dual-Mode Wake-Up Receiver , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[13]  Peter R. Kinget,et al.  28.1 A 0.42nW 434MHz -79.1dBm Wake-Up Receiver with a Time-Domain Integrator , 2019, 2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC).

[14]  Roberto Canegallo,et al.  A Clockless Temperature-Compensated Nanowatt Analog Front-End for Wake-Up Radios Based on a Band-Pass Envelope Detector , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[15]  Gabriel M. Rebeiz,et al.  A Near-Zero-Power Wake-Up Receiver Achieving −69-dBm Sensitivity , 2018, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[16]  Kofi A. A. Makinwa,et al.  A 2.4GHz 830pJ/bit duty-cycled wake-up receiver with −82dBm sensitivity for crystal-less wireless sensor nodes , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC).

[17]  Henrik Sjöland,et al.  A 2.45GHz, 50uW wake-up receiver front-end with −88dBm sensitivity and 250kbps data rate , 2014, ESSCIRC 2014 - 40th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC).

[18]  N. E. Roberts,et al.  A 98nW wake-up radio for wireless body area networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[19]  Ruonan Han,et al.  A 280-GHz Schottky Diode Detector in 130-nm Digital CMOS , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[20]  Steven Kay,et al.  Fundamentals Of Statistical Signal Processing , 2001 .

[21]  David D. Wentzloff,et al.  A 116nW multi-band wake-up receiver with 31-bit correlator and interference rejection , 2013, Proceedings of the IEEE 2013 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.

[22]  Kuang-Wei Cheng,et al.  An Ultralow-Power Wake-Up Receiver Based on Direct Active RF Detection , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[23]  Mihai Banu,et al.  A 660 Mb/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with instantaneous locking for NRZ data and burst-mode transmission , 1993, 1993 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers.

[24]  Thomas Herndl,et al.  A 2.4µW Wake-up Receiver for wireless sensor nodes with −71dBm sensitivity , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS).

[25]  Benton H. Calhoun,et al.  30.1 A Temperature-Robust 27.6nW −65dBm Wakeup Receiver at 9.6GHz X-Band , 2020, 2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC).