Repair and Redesign of Physiological Systems

Preface 1 Vascular reconstruction: CFD predictions of bypass graft haemodynamics Introduction Conventional femorodistal bypass Anastomotic angle Graft/artery diameter ratio Taylor patch Cuffed anastomoses Conclusions References 2 Clinical applications of Physiome Project models Introduction Modelling the gastro-oesophageal junction Modelling musculo-skeletal system mechanics Modelling the lymphatic system and melanoma Interpretation of cardiac ultrasound measurements with physiome models Summary Acknowledgements References 3 Computational modelling of left ventricular haemodynamics based on magnetic resonance imaging data Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 4 A mathematical model of left ventricular contraction and its application in heart disease Introduction The hypotheses Methods Results Conclusions References 5 Cardiac resynchronisation therapy for heart failure Introduction Basic concepts and techniques Conventional pacing and cardiac resynchronisation therapy Dyssynchrony The theoretical basis for CRT The evidence for dual-chamber pacemakers and CRT in heart failure Echocardiographic measures of dyssynchrony and response to CRT Other reasons for non-response Conclusions References 6 Ventricular assist devices Introduction Intra aortic balloon pump Flexible diaphragm pumps General conclusions References 7 Computational fl uid dynamics in the investigation and treatment of nasal obstruction Introduction Overview of nasal anatomy and physiology Literature review Methodology and methodological considerations Numerically predicted nasal airflow characteristics Virtual nasal surgery Discussion Conclusions References 8 Review of dental repair concepts and methods Introduction Dealing with tooth decay Restoration of teeth Others forms of loss of tooth substance Tooth replacement Cosmetic dentistry Repair concepts and philosophy References 9 Biomechanical aspects in dental replacements Introduction Various kinds of tooth replacements Jaw solid modelling Various methods of stress analysis Stress analysis results Biological aspects References 10 Needle-free immunotherapeutics delivered to the skin Introduction The importance of targeting skin and mucosal cells Engineering of physical approaches for the targeting of skin and mucosal cells Biolistics micro-particle delivery