Growth of CZTS-Based Monograins and Their Application to Membrane Solar Cells

The idea of producing solar cells from powder materials is nearly as old as the history of modern silicon-based solar cells. Just three years after AT&T Bell Lab’s Chapin, Fuller, and Pearson released their first commercially attractive silicon solar cell [1], Hoffman’s Electronics patented a method to produce solar modules from silicon powders [2]. Based on Hoffman’s Electronics’ patents, Ties Siebold te Velde of Philips Company in Eindhoven filed the first patent on monograin membrane devices for radiation detection, use in a solar battery, a LED, etc. [3]. Eighteen further patents had been filed by 1973, specifying methods of membrane production as well as new applications such as the production of printed circuits. Philips continued to produce monograin membrane-based photoconductive elements containing 35–45 μm Cu-doped CdS particles in Hamburg until the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, in the mid-1970s the technology to produce silicon spheres and insert these into an aluminum foil with appropriately placed holes had been developed at Texas Instruments in order to electrolyze a solution to store light energy as chemical energy in electrolysis products [4]. Growth of CZTS-Based Monograins and Their Application to Membrane Solar Cells

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