Double-outlet left atrium: Ventriculo-atrial malalignment defect

A four-month-old female infant presented with heart failure and cyanosis. On echocardiography, there was no outlet to the right atrium except an atrial septal defect and the left atrium drained into the respective ventricles by two atrioventricular valves. The case is reported for its rarity, with a brief literature review.

[1]  F. Edwin,et al.  The spectrum of double-outlet right atrium including hearts with three atrioventricular valves. , 2012, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[2]  T. Geva,et al.  Echocardiographic features of double-outlet right atrium and straddling tricuspid valve with intact ventricular septum: a rare cardiac anomaly associated with pulmonary atresia and single coronary artery ostium. , 2010, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[3]  Robert H. Anderson,et al.  Morphology and Morphogenesis of Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Common Atrioventricular Junction , 2010, World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery.

[4]  A. Nabar,et al.  Double outlet left atrium. , 1997, Indian heart journal.

[5]  T. Horiuchi,et al.  Double-outlet left atrium with intact ventricular septum. , 1988, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[6]  G. R. Westerman,et al.  Double-outlet right atrium associated with tetralogy of Fallot and common atrioventricular valve. , 1986, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[7]  R. Calabro',et al.  Right atrial outlet atresia with straddling left atrioventricular valve. A form of double outlet atrium. , 1981, British heart journal.

[8]  A. Mazzucco,et al.  Tricuspid atresia with double-outlet left atrium. , 1980, Chest.

[9]  Y. Osuka,et al.  Successful correction of double outlet left atrium associated with complete atrioventricular canal and l-loop double outlet right ventricle with stenosis of the pulmonary artery. , 1976, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[10]  Robert H. Anderson,et al.  Morphologic features of the uniatrial but biventricular atrioventricular connection. , 2007, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[11]  N. Espinola-Zavaleta,et al.  Clinical and echocardiographic aspects of double-outlet left atrium. , 2002, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[12]  R. Praagh The Importance of Ventriculoatrial Malalignment in Anomalies of the Atrioventricular Valves, Illustrated by “Mitral Atresia” and Congenital Mitral Stenosis with Large Left Ventricle , 1986 .