Localización de fallas en sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica usando generación distribuida y basado en método algorítmicos

The faults in electrical distribution systems constitute the largest and most common problem, therefore, it is essential to have an efficient method for the location of these failures, in such a way to solve them efficiently, reducing end-user involvement. The generation distributed in recent years has become a source of energy efficient and economic production. However, the inclusion of distributed generators requires changes in the nature of the distribution systems of electric power, affecting the accuracy of the methods of fault location. 2 This paper proposes a methodology aimed at fault location in distribution systems with distributed generation, based on the estimation of the equivalent impedance of the system under study. There have been considered the use of the measurement effective of pre-fault and post-fault, voltage and current per phase, obtained in the substation and the node where the distributed generation. The methodology was applied to the main trunk of the IEEE 34 nodes system. Three types of failure were simulated: single-phase fault, two-phase fault and three-phase fault of a main feeder, and with two different values of resistance of failure that were 10 and 20, which are typical values in distribution network systems. The results of the proposed model have shown a margin of error of less than 2.5% in the two-phase and three-phase faults, while the existing error in the single-phase faults is less than 0.14%, considering fault resistances up to 20, amending recital several aspects including varying the fault resistance and sensitivity analysis to variations in the system load.