Overoxidized polypyrrole film directed DNA immobilization for construction of electrochemical micro-biosensors and simultaneous determination of serotonin and dopamine

Abstract A promising electrochemical microsensor was fabricated by electrochemical immobilization of calf-thymus DNA on a carbon fiber electrode (CFE) through an overoxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) template for simultaneous determination of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). Such a DNA–PPyox biocomposite modification layer of nano-thickness exhibited superior selectivity and sensitivity towards these neuronal amines comparing with a simple PPyox or DNA coating. This microsensor gave three separated differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) peaks at 0.38, 0.20 and −0.02 V for 5-HT, DA and 25,000-fold excess of ascorbic acid (AA). The linear response was obtained in the range of 1.0 × 10 −8 to 1.0 × 10 −6  M with a detection limit of 7.0 × 10 −9  M for 5-HT, and in the range of 3.0 × 10 −7 to 1.0 × 10 −5  M with a detection limit ( s / n  = 3.0) of 5.0 × 10 −8  M for DA. A stronger interaction of 5-HT with the modification layer was observed, which led to a higher detection sensitivity for 5-HT than for DA. The utility of this modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of 5-HT and DA in human blood serum.

[1]  J. Oni,et al.  Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine and serotonin on carbon paste electrodes modified with iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes , 2001 .

[2]  C. Marsden,et al.  In vivo electrochemistry with carbon fibre electrodes: Principles and application to neuropharmacology , 1988 .

[3]  R. Wightman,et al.  Response times of carbon fiber microelectrodes to dynamic changes in catecholamine concentration. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  Liping Lu,et al.  DNA deposition on carbon electrodes under controlled dc potentials. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  S. Dubovsky,et al.  Beyond specificity: effects of serotonin and serotonergic treatments on psychobiological dysfunction. , 1995, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[6]  Liping Lu,et al.  Voltammetric Behavior of Dopamine at ct-DNA Modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode , 2003 .

[7]  Xiangqin Lin,et al.  Atomic force microscopy of DNA self-assembled on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode surface , 2004 .

[8]  D. Bruns,et al.  Quantal Release of Serotonin , 2000, Neuron.

[9]  K. Perry,et al.  Effect of fluoxetine on serotonin and dopamine concentration in microdialysis fluid from rat striatum. , 1992, Life sciences.

[10]  Shengshui Hu,et al.  Simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin on a glassy carbon electrode coated with a film of carbon nanotubes. , 2003, Analytical biochemistry.

[11]  R. E. Adams,et al.  Electrochemical pH-stat and controlled current coulometric acid-base analyzer , 1976 .

[12]  S. Yasui,et al.  Simultaneous voltammetric measurement of nitrite ion, dopamine, serotonin with ascorbic acid on the GRC electrode , 1999 .

[13]  Qionglin Liang,et al.  Carbon nanotube-intercalated graphite electrodes for simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin in the presence of ascorbic acid , 2003 .

[14]  R. Wightman,et al.  Monitoring catecholamines at single cells , 1995 .

[15]  Gal Yadid,et al.  The serotonin–dopamine interaction is critical for fast-onset action of antidepressant treatment: in vivo studies in an animal model of depression , 2004, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[16]  D. Murphy,et al.  Brain serotonin neurotransmission: an overview and update with an emphasis on serotonin subsystem heterogeneity, multiple receptors, interactions with other neurotransmitter systems, and consequent implications for understanding the actions of serotonergic drugs. , 1998, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[17]  F. Cheng,et al.  Electrochemical and enzymatic oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptophol: Part II. Studies at physiological pH , 1991 .

[18]  L. Parsons,et al.  Perfusate serotonin increases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis , 1993, Brain Research.

[19]  Wolfram Saenger,et al.  Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure , 1983 .

[20]  Xiangqin Lin,et al.  Immobilization of DNA on carbon fiber microelectrodes by using overoxidized polypyrrole template for selective detection of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid. , 2005, The Analyst.

[21]  R. Ramaraj,et al.  Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and serotonin at poly(phenosafranine) modified electrode , 2003 .

[22]  D. Bruns,et al.  Real-time measurement of transmitter release from single synaptic vesicles , 1995, Nature.

[23]  J. Zen,et al.  Voltammetric determination of serotonin in human blood using a chemically modified electrode , 1998 .

[24]  Electrochemical studies of the oxidation pathways of catecholamines. , 1967 .

[25]  A. Hubbard,et al.  Differential double pulse voltammetry at chemically modified platinum electrodes for in vivo determination of catecholamines. , 1976, Analytical chemistry.