Deontic Logic and Normative Systems

It is commonly assumed that deontic logic concerns “the” logic of normative concepts. However, a close look at actual usage shows that the structural patterns of deontic notions differ between different usages. Some of these differences are difficult to discern in natural language, but may be easier to keep apart with the more precise tools of a formal language. We should use the resources of deontic logic to discover and distinguish between different meanings of the deontic terms in natural language. Some of the ingrained disagreements on postulates in deontic logic may be resolvable if we recognize that the different viewpoints correspond to different meanings of the normative terms of ordinary language.

[1]  Guido Boella,et al.  A Logical Architecture of a Normative System , 2006, DEON.

[2]  Guido Governatori,et al.  BIO logical agents: Norms, beliefs, intentions in defeasible logic , 2008, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[3]  John Broome,et al.  Rationality Through Reasoning , 2013 .

[4]  Piotr Kulicki,et al.  Two Faces of Obligation , 2013 .

[5]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Discussion Paper: Changing Norms Is Changing Obligation Change , 2012, DEON.

[6]  Lloyd Humberstone,et al.  Two notions of necessity , 1980 .

[7]  Fabrizio Cariani,et al.  'Ought' and Resolution Semantics. , 2013 .

[8]  A. Koller,et al.  Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language , 1969 .

[9]  Floris Roelofsen,et al.  Algebraic foundations for the semantic treatment of inquisitive content , 2013, Synthese.

[10]  John D. Rawls.  Two Concepts of Rules , 1955 .

[11]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Cancelling and Overshadowing: Two Types of Defeasibility in Defeasible Deontic Logic , 1995, IJCAI.

[12]  Manuel Atienza,et al.  A Theory of Legal Sentences , 1997 .

[13]  Paul Portner,et al.  Permission and Choice , 2012 .

[14]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Some Reflections on Two Current Trends in Formal Argumentation , 2012, Logic Programs, Norms and Action.

[15]  J. Neumann,et al.  Theory of games and economic behavior , 1945, 100 Years of Math Milestones.

[16]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Aggregative Deontic Detachment for Normative Reasoning , 2014, KR.

[17]  Christian Straßer.  An adaptive logic framework for conditional obligations and deontic dilemmas , 2010 .

[18]  Roel Wieringa,et al.  An integrated framework for ought-to-be and ought-to-do constraints , 2004, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[19]  Christian Straßer,et al.  Dynamic Derivations for Sequent-Based Logical Argumentation , 2014, COMMA.

[20]  David J. Israel,et al.  Where monsters dwell , 1996 .

[21]  Ron van der Meyden,et al.  The Dynamic Logic of Permission , 1990, J. Log. Comput..

[22]  Phan Minh Dung,et al.  On the Acceptability of Arguments and its Fundamental Role in Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Logic Programming and n-Person Games , 1995, Artif. Intell..

[23]  Lou Goble.  A Proposal for Dealing with Deontic Dilemmas , 2004, DEON.

[24]  José Júlio Alferes,et al.  An Embedding of Input-Output Logic in Deontic Logic Programs , 2012, DEON.

[25]  Diderik Batens,et al.  A Universal Logic Approach to Adaptive Logics , 2007, Logica Universalis.

[26]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Constraints for Input/Output Logics , 2001, J. Philos. Log..

[27]  Gerhard Gentzen,et al.  Investigations into Logical Deduction , 1970 .

[28]  Ofer Arieli,et al.  A Sequent-Based Representation of Logical Argumentation , 2013, CLIMA.

[29]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Handbook of deontic logic and normative systems , 2013 .

[30]  Christian Straßer,et al.  An Inconsistency-Adaptive Deontic Logic for Normative Conflicts , 2012, Journal of Philosophical Logic.

[31]  Davide Grossi,et al.  Constitutive Norms and Counts-as Conditionals , 2013 .

[32]  Martin Aher.  Free Choice in Deontic Inquisitive Semantics (DIS) , 2011, Amsterdam Colloquium on Logic, Language and Meaning.

[33]  Frederik Van De Putte,et al.  Avoiding Deontic Explosion by Contextually Restricting Aggregation , 2010, DEON.

[34]  Krister Segerberg,et al.  A deontic logic of action , 1982 .

[35]  Robert Pargetter,et al.  Oughts, options, and actualism , 1986 .

[36]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  "Sing and Dance!" - Input/Output Logics without Weakening , 2014, DEON.

[37]  Piotr Kulicki,et al.  A systematics of deontic action logics based on Boolean algebra , 2010 .

[38]  Roderick M. Chisholm,et al.  Contrary-To-Duty Imperatives and Deontic Logic , 1963 .

[39]  John F. Horty,et al.  Moral dilemmas and nonmonotonic logic , 1994, J. Philos. Log..

[40]  Dov M. Gabbay.  Bipolar Argumentation Frames and Contrary to Duty Obligations, Preliminary Report , 2012, CLIMA.

[41]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Normative Systems and their Revision: An Algebraic Approach , 2004, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[42]  Lou Goble.  Murder most gentle: The paradox deepens , 1991 .

[43]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  The paradoxes of permission an action based solution , 2014, J. Appl. Log..

[44]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  Toward a Logic for Qualitative Decision Theory , 1994, KR.

[45]  Albert J. J. Anglberger,et al.  The Logic of Obligation as Weakest Permission - (Short Version) , 2012, DEON.

[46]  Daniel Lassiter.  Nouwen's Puzzle and a Scalar Semantics for Obligations, Needs, and Desires , 2011 .

[47]  Maria Aloni,et al.  A logical account of free-choice imperatives , 2013 .

[48]  Henry Prakken,et al.  An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments , 2010, Argument Comput..

[49]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Input/Output Logics , 2000, J. Philos. Log..

[50]  Brian Weatherson.  Indicative and subjunctive conditionals , 2001 .

[51]  Martin Caminada,et al.  On the Issue of Contraposition of Defeasible Rules , 2008, COMMA.

[52]  A. Kratzer.  The Notional Category of Modality , 2008 .

[53]  Audun Stolpe,et al.  A theory of permission based on the notion of derogation , 2010, J. Appl. Log..

[54]  Christian Straßer,et al.  An Andersonian Deontic Logic with Contextualized Sanctions , 2012, DEON.

[55]  Donald Nute,et al.  Counterfactuals , 1975, Notre Dame J. Formal Log..

[56]  B. Hansson.  An analysis of some deontic logics , 1969 .

[57]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Contrary‐to‐duty reasoning with preference‐based dyadic obligations , 1999, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[58]  Phan Minh Dung,et al.  Assumption-Based Argumentation , 2009, Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence.

[59]  Floris Roelofsen,et al.  Inquisitive Semantics: A New Notion of Meaning , 2013, Lang. Linguistics Compass.

[60]  Piotr Kulicki,et al.  A Deontic Action Logic with Sequential Composition of Actions , 2012, DEON.

[61]  James William Forrester,et al.  Gentle Murder, or the Adverbial Samaritan , 1984 .

[62]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Permission from an Input/Output Perspective , 2003, J. Philos. Log..

[63]  L. Goble.  Utilitarian deontic logic , 1996 .

[64]  Marek J. Sergot,et al.  A Formal Characterisation of Institutionalised Power , 1996, Log. J. IGPL.

[65]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  From Belief Change to Preference Change , 2008, ECAI.

[66]  Audun Stolpe.  Normative Consequence: The Problem of Keeping It Whilst Giving It up , 2008, DEON.

[67]  John F. Horty,et al.  Reasoning with Moral Conflicts , 2003 .

[68]  Piotr Kulicki,et al.  On deontic action logics based on Boolean algebra , 2015, J. Log. Comput..

[69]  G. Evans,et al.  Reference and Contingency , 1979 .

[70]  Christian Straßer,et al.  A deontic logic framework allowing for factual detachment , 2011, J. Appl. Log..

[71]  Serena Villata,et al.  Abstract Normative Systems: Semantics and Proof Theory , 2012, KR.

[72]  Risto Hilpinen,et al.  Deontic Logic: An Introduction , 1970 .

[73]  S. Miles,et al.  An Argumentation Inspired Heuristic for Resolving Normative Conflict , 2008 .

[74]  Lou Goble.  Deontic logic (adapted) for normative conflicts , 2014, Log. J. IGPL.

[75]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Counts-as: Classification or Constitution? An Answer Using Modal Logic , 2006, DEON.

[76]  Piotr Kulicki,et al.  Towards Metalogical Systematisation of Deontic Action Logics Based on Boolean Algebra , 2010, DEON.

[77]  Alf Ross,et al.  Imperatives and Logic , 1944, Philosophy of Science.

[78]  Andrew J. I. Jones,et al.  Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-Duties , 2002 .