Biological particles of given size, shape, and density for use in biological reactors

Novel biomass support particles containing growing cells have been developed for use in large‐scale fermentation processes. The characteristic size of the entrapped biomass is identical to that of the physical structure of the support particle, and particles can be produced of any size, shape, and density with a wide variety of microorganisms. Use of the particles in fermentors leads to high biomass concentration independent of throughput, predetermined biomass concentrations, the use of novel types of fermentor with advantageous performance characteristics, possibilities for the optimization of advantageous diffusion effects, and new procedures for biomass recovery.