Opportunities and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Internet Video Broadcast When video data packet streams are viewed and passed on by user computers, broadcasting can be inexpensive and easy to set up, but there are technical and business problems to overcome.

There have been tremendous efforts and many technical innovations in supporting real-time video streaming in the past two decades, but cost-effective large-scale video broadcast has remained an elusive goal. Internet protocol (IP) multicast represented an earlier attempt to tackle this problem but failed largely due to concerns regarding scalability, deployment, and support for higher level functionality. Re- cently, peer-to-peer based broadcast has emerged as a promising technique, which has been shown to be cost effective and easy to deploy. This new paradigm brings a number of unique advantages such as scalability, resilience, and effectiveness in coping with dynamics and heterogeneity. While peer-to-peer applications such as file download and voice-over-IP have gained tremendous popularity, video broadcast is still in its early stages, and its full potential remains to be seen. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of peer-to-peer Internet video broadcast technologies. We de- scribe the basic taxonomy of peer-to-peer broadcast and summarize the major issues associated with the design of broadcast overlays. We closely examine two approachesVtree- based and data-drivenVand discuss their fundamental trade-

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