A Review of Ocean Acoustic Tomography: 1987–1990

The techniques and instruments used in acoustic tomography of the oceans are surveyed, and results are summarized. Sections are devoted to theoretical studies and numerical simulations (mesoscale mapping, vertical-slice tomography, flow imaging, and nonlinear bias), series of tomographic experiments, analyses to identify global changes, and outstanding problems (the forward and inverse problems and ocean physics). Typical data are presented in tables and graphs, and a comprehensive bibliography is provided. 72 refs.

[1]  Carl Wunsch,et al.  Ocean acoustic tomography: a scheme for large scale monitoring , 1979 .

[2]  A. Chave,et al.  Spatially-averaged velocity from the seafloor horizontal electric field , 1990, Proceedings of the IEEE Fourth Working Conference on Current Measurement.

[3]  J. Spiesberger Ocean acoustic tomography: Travel time biases , 1985 .

[4]  Bias in acoustic travel time through an ocean with adiabatic range-dependence , 1987 .

[5]  Peter F. Worcester,et al.  AVATAR: Second-generation transceiver electronics for ocean acoustic tomography , 1985, OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment.

[6]  Y. Desaubies,et al.  A planetary wave analysis using the acoustic and conventional arrays in the 1981 Ocean Tomography Experiment , 1987 .

[7]  Acoustic Tomography by Hamiltonian Methods Including the Adiabatic Approximation (Paper 6R0691) , 1987 .

[8]  James H. Miller,et al.  Estimation of sea surface wave spectra using acoustic tomography , 1987 .

[9]  K. Metzger,et al.  Ocean acoustic tomography: estimating the acoustic travel time with phase , 1989 .

[10]  R. Chervin,et al.  Environmental effects on acoustic measures of global ocean warming , 1990 .

[11]  Gyre‐scale acoustic tomography: Biases, iterated inversions, and numerical methods , 1985 .

[12]  Walter Munk,et al.  Ocean acoustic tomography from ships , 1989 .

[13]  W. Munk,et al.  Biases and caustics in long-range acoustic tomography , 1985 .

[14]  Multiple receivers in single vertical slice ocean acoustic tomography experiments , 1987 .

[15]  T. Sanford Observations of strong current shears in the deep ocean and some implications on sound rays , 1974 .

[16]  W. Munk,et al.  Observing the ocean in the 1990s , 1982, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[17]  Chen Tung Chen,et al.  Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures , 1977 .

[18]  P. Worcester,et al.  Gyre-Scale Reciprocal Acoustic Transmissions , 1991 .

[19]  J. Northrop,et al.  SOFAR propagation paths from Australia to Bermuda: Comparison of signal speed algorithms and experiments , 1982 .

[20]  Results from the 1984 Marginal Ice Zone Experiment preliminary tomography transmissions: Implications for marginal ice zone, Arctic, and surface wave tomography , 1987 .

[21]  J. Lynch,et al.  Tomographic resolution of mesoscale eddies in the marginal ice zone: A preliminary study , 1987 .

[22]  J. Mercer Acoustic oceanography by remote sensing , 1986 .

[23]  P. Malanotte‐Rizzoli,et al.  Acoustic tomography in the Straits of Florida , 1991 .

[24]  Robert C. Spindel,et al.  Ocean acoustic tomography: Mesoscale velocity , 1987 .

[25]  A. Chave,et al.  BEMPEX: A study of barotropic ocean currents and lithospheric electrical conductivity , 1987 .

[26]  Raouf Boutaba Farewell Message , 2010, IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag..

[27]  Walter Munk,et al.  Ocean Acoustic Tomography , 1988 .

[28]  L. M. Lawson,et al.  Ray path identification and acoustic tomography in the Straits of Florida , 1985 .

[29]  Roland Stoughton,et al.  Predictions of internal‐wave effects on ocean acoustic coherence, travel‐time variance, and intensity moments for very long‐range propagation , 1988 .

[30]  The 1984 bottom-mounted Gulf Stream tomographic experiment , 1989 .

[31]  P. Worcester,et al.  The feasibility of measuring ocean pH by long-range acoustics , 1989 .

[32]  S. Flatté,et al.  Wave propagation through random media: Contributions from ocean acoustics , 1983, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[33]  Walter Munk,et al.  Global Ocean Warming: An Acoustic Measure? , 1989 .

[34]  Australia-Bermuda Sound Transmission Experiment (1960) Revisited , 1988 .

[35]  E. C. Shang,et al.  Ocean acoustic tomography based on adiabatic mode theory , 1989 .

[36]  Theory of acoustic measurement of internal wave strength as a function of depth, horizontal position, and time , 1986 .

[37]  P. Wadhams,et al.  Travel time changes in a tomography array caused by a sea ice cover , 1989 .

[38]  R. Tallamraju,et al.  VERTICAL-SLICE OCEAN-ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY - EXTENDING ABEL INVERSION TO NON-AXIAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS , 1990 .

[39]  H. A. DeFerrari,et al.  Acoustic tomography in the Florida Strait: Temperature, current, and vorticity measurements , 1989 .

[40]  J. R. Booker,et al.  Long-range propagation of sound through oceanic mesoscale structures , 1983 .

[41]  J. Spiesberger,et al.  Perturbations in travel time and ray geometry due to mesoscale disturbances: A comparison of exact and approximate calculations , 1983 .

[42]  Simulation of Ocean Tomography in a QG Model , 1989 .

[43]  P. Worcester,et al.  Gyre-scale current measurements using reciprocal acoustic transmission , 1990, Proceedings of the IEEE Fourth Working Conference on Current Measurement.

[44]  T. Birdsall,et al.  Tomographic Maps of the Ocean Mesoscale. Part 1: Pure Acoustics , 1985 .

[45]  B. Cornuelle,et al.  High spatial resolution in vertical slice ocean acoustic tomography , 1987 .

[46]  Acoustic reciprocal transmission experiments, Florida Straits , 1986 .

[47]  R. Stoughton,et al.  Acoustic measurements of internal wave rms displacement and rms horizontal current off Bermuda in late 1983 , 1986 .

[48]  V. A. D. Grosso New equation for the speed of sound in natural waters (with comparisons to other equations) , 1974 .