Beyond Cognitive Signals

Although audio-visual human systems have several well-known limitations, artificial sensors can measure information beyond our limits. What would happen if we were able to overcome our limitations? Would we be able to obtain a better knowledge of our environment? Or the information beyond our limits is redundant? In this paper, we compare infrared, thermal and visible images from an information theory point of view. We have acquired a small database and compared several measurements over these images. While infrasounds and ultrasounds are not directly applicable, for instance, to speaker recognition due to the impossibility of human beings generating sounds in these frequencies, this is not the case with image signals beyond the visible spectrum for face recognition. We have observed that visible, near-infrared and thermal images contain a small amount of redundancy (less than 1,55 bits).

[1]  Diego A. Socolinsky,et al.  Thermal face recognition over time , 2004, ICPR 2004.

[2]  Gérard Chollet,et al.  Phone recognition from ultrasound and optical video sequences for a silent speech interface , 2008, INTERSPEECH.

[3]  M. Faundez-Zanuy,et al.  Data fusion in biometrics , 2005, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[4]  Roland Olsson,et al.  Comparison of three feature extraction techniques to distinguish between different infrasound signals , 2007 .

[5]  S Goel,et al.  Laser vs ultrasound biometry—a study of intra- and interobserver variability , 2004, Eye.

[6]  Marcos Faúndez-Zanuy,et al.  Biometric security technology , 2006, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[7]  Andrea Salgian,et al.  Thermal face recognition in an operational scenario , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[8]  Tom E. Bishop,et al.  Blind Image Restoration Using a Block-Stationary Signal Model , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings.

[9]  S. Mackessy,et al.  The Strike Behavior of a Congenitally Blind Rattlesnake , 1991 .

[10]  W. A. Mvnso,et al.  Loudness , Its Definition , Measurement and Calculation , 2004 .

[11]  Bhiksha Raj,et al.  Ultrasonic Doppler sensor for speaker recognition , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[12]  Martin Prochazka,et al.  Discrepancy in ultrasound biometric parameters of the head (HC--head circumference, BPD--biparietal diameter) in breech presented fetuses. , 2007, Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.

[13]  Bernadette Dorizzi,et al.  Face recognition from synchronised visible and near-infrared images , 2009 .

[14]  Travis J. LaDuc,et al.  Heat in evolution's kitchen: evolutionary perspectives on the functions and origin of the facial pit of pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) , 2004, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[15]  J. P. Lewis.  Fast Normalized Cross-Correlation , 2010 .

[16]  B. Jamieson,et al.  Reproductive biology and phylogeny of birds , 2007 .

[17]  Josep Roure Alcobé,et al.  An efficient face verification method in a transformed domain , 2007, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[18]  Sang Joon Kim,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Communication , 2006 .

[19]  R. Hinde,et al.  Advances in the study of behavior , 1966 .

[20]  I. Cuthill,et al.  Ultraviolet Vision in Birds , 2000 .