Control of T Cell Function by Positive and Negative Regulators

T cells are an essential element of the body's immune system. Engagement of the T cell receptor is responsible for initiating the signaling events that can activate, inactivate, or eliminate T cells, depending on the magnitude and duration of the signal. Control of T cell signaling occurs through both positive and negative regulation, as well as through the actions of molecular scaffolds that contribute to the formation of signaling complexes. The T Cell Signal Transduction Pathway at the STKE Connections Maps highlights the molecular components that are responsible for T cell activation. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate T cell responsiveness will aid in the development of therapeutic agents to treat infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease and immune deficiency.

[1]  A. Weiss,et al.  Signal transduction by the TCR for antigen. , 2000, Current opinion in immunology.

[2]  M. Reth Antigen receptor tail clue , 1989, Nature.

[3]  R. Majeti,et al.  Reciprocal regulation of lymphocyte activation by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[4]  H Clevers,et al.  The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble. , 1988, Annual review of immunology.

[5]  H. Chun,et al.  Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: types I, II and beyond. , 2001, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[6]  R. Gershon,et al.  Infectious immunological tolerance. , 1971, Immunology.

[7]  G. Koretzky,et al.  Adaptor proteins in lymphocyte antigen-receptor signaling. , 1998, Current opinion in immunology.

[8]  Mark M. Davis,et al.  Dynamics of the immunological synapse: finding, establishing and solidifying a connection. , 2002, Current opinion in immunology.

[9]  S. Latour,et al.  Proximal protein tyrosine kinases in immunoreceptor signaling. , 2001, Current opinion in immunology.

[10]  E. Shevach,et al.  Control of T‐cell activation by CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells , 2001, Immunological reviews.

[11]  C. Thompson,et al.  Activation and inhibition of lymphocytes by costimulation. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[12]  M. Thomas Positive and negative regulation of leukocyte activation by protein tyrosine phosphatases. , 1995, Seminars in immunology.

[13]  W. Langdon,et al.  Cbl: many adaptations to regulate protein tyrosine kinases , 2001, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.