Influence of anisotropic turbulence on the orbital angular momentum modes of Hermite-Gaussian vortex beam in the ocean.

Applying the angular spectrum theory, we derive the expression of a new Hermite-Gaussian (HG) vortex beam. Based on the new Hermite-Gaussian (HG) vortex beam, we establish the model of the received probability density of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of this beam propagating through a turbulent ocean of anisotropy. By numerical simulation, we investigate the influence of oceanic turbulence and beam parameters on the received probability density of signal OAM modes and crosstalk OAM modes of the HG vortex beam. The results show that the influence of oceanic turbulence of anisotropy on the received probability of signal OAM modes is smaller than isotropic oceanic turbulence under the same condition, and the effect of salinity fluctuation on the received probability of the signal OAM modes is larger than the effect of temperature fluctuation. In the strong dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid and the weak dissipation rate of temperature variance, we can decrease the effects of turbulence on the received probability of signal OAM modes by selecting a long wavelength and a larger transverse size of the HG vortex beam in the source's plane. In long distance propagation, the HG vortex beam is superior to the Laguerre-Gaussian beam for resisting the destruction of oceanic turbulence.

[1]  Liren Liu,et al.  Influence of temperature and salinity fluctuations on propagation behaviour of partially coherent beams in oceanic turbulence , 2006 .

[2]  Vladimir P. Lukin.  Investigation of some peculiarities in the structure of large-scale atmospheric turbulence , 1994, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation.

[3]  P. Read,et al.  Anisotropic turbulence and zonal jets in rotating flows with a β-effect , 2006 .

[4]  Yun Zhu,et al.  Propagation of the OAM mode carried by partially coherent modified Bessel-Gaussian beams in an anisotropic non-Kolmogorov marine atmosphere. , 2016, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[5]  Intensity fluctuations of multimode laser beams in underwater medium. , 2015, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[6]  Italo Toselli,et al.  Introducing the concept of anisotropy at different scales for modeling optical turbulence. , 2014, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[7]  Vladimir P. Lukin.  Investigation of the anisotropy of the atmospheric turbulence spectrum in the low-frequency range , 1995, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[8]  Mikhail S. Belen'kii,et al.  Experimental study of spatial structure of turbulence at Maui Space Surveillance Site (MSSS) , 2006, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[9]  J. P. Woerdman,et al.  Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[10]  Yi-xin Zhang,et al.  Spreading and wandering of Gaussian–Schell model laser beams in an anisotropic turbulent ocean , 2016 .

[11]  C. Paterson,et al.  Atmospheric turbulence and orbital angular momentum of single photons for optical communication. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[12]  Yi-xin Zhang,et al.  Effects of low-order atmosphere-turbulence aberrations on the entangled orbital angular momentum states. , 2012, Optics letters.

[13]  V. V. Nikishov,et al.  Spectrum of Turbulent Fluctuations of the Sea-Water Refraction Index , 2000 .

[14]  Daomu Zhao,et al.  Propagation of a stochastic electromagnetic vortex beam in the oceanic turbulence , 2014 .

[15]  Zheng-Da Hu,et al.  Beam wander of Gaussian-Schell model beams propagating through oceanic turbulence , 2016 .

[16]  Lixin Guo,et al.  Propagation of an optical vortex carried by a partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beam in turbulent ocean. , 2016, Applied optics.

[17]  Dajun Liu,et al.  Evolution properties of partially coherent flat-topped vortex hollow beam in oceanic turbulence. , 2015, Applied optics.

[18]  Bin Zhang,et al.  Evolution behavior of Gaussian Schell-model vortex beams propagating through oceanic turbulence. , 2014, Optics express.

[19]  Mikhail S. Belen'kii,et al.  Preliminary experimental evidence of anisotropy of turbulence and the effect of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on wavefront tilt statistics , 1999, Optics & Photonics.

[20]  Yi-xin Zhang,et al.  Effects of anisotropic turbulence on average polarizability of Gaussian Schell-model quantized beams through ocean link. , 2016, Applied optics.