Ultrasonography for nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremity

Nerve compression syndromes commonly involve the nerves in the upper extremity. High-resolution ultrasonography (US) can satisfactorily assess these nerves and may detect the morphological changes of the nerves. US can also reveal the causes of nerve compression when structural abnormalities or space-occupying lesions are present. The most common US finding of compression neuropathy is nerve swelling proximal to the compression site. This article reviews the normal anatomic location and US appearances of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. Common nerve compression syndromes in the upper extremity and their US findings are also reviewed.

[1]  W. Löscher,et al.  High resolution ultrasound in posterior interosseous nerve syndrome , 2014, Muscle & nerve.

[2]  K. Takagishi,et al.  Diagnostic Utility of Sonography and Correlation Between Sonographic and Clinical Findings in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome , 2013, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[3]  F. Walker,et al.  Neuromuscular ultrasound in common entrapment neuropathies , 2013, Muscle & nerve.

[4]  Hyoung-Seop Kim,et al.  Comparison of proximal and distal cross-sectional areas of the median nerve, carpal tunnel, and nerve/tunnel index in subjects with carpal tunnel syndrome. , 2013, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[5]  W. Mess,et al.  High resolution sonography in the evaluation of the peripheral nervous system in polyneuropathy – a review of the literature , 2013, European journal of neurology.

[6]  A. Tagliafico,et al.  Nerves of the Hand beyond the Carpal Tunnel , 2012, Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology.

[7]  M. Terk,et al.  The Guyon’s canal in perspective: 3-T MRI assessment of the normal anatomy, the anatomical variations and the Guyon’s canal syndrome , 2011, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.

[8]  N. Pallua,et al.  Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: retrospective analysis of 14 patients , 2011, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[9]  Su-jin Kim,et al.  MR imaging mapping of skeletal muscle denervation in entrapment and compressive neuropathies. , 2011, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[10]  L. Yang,et al.  Entrapment neuropathies I: upper limb (carpal tunnel excluded). , 2010, Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology.

[11]  A. Cotten,et al.  Entrapment neuropathies II: carpal tunnel syndrome. , 2010, Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology.

[12]  W. Reinus,et al.  Nerve entrapment syndromes of the elbow, forearm, and wrist. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[13]  W. Grassi,et al.  Ultrasound evaluation of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: correlation with electrophysiological studies. , 2009, Rheumatology.

[14]  T. Gest,et al.  Spectrum of Normal and Pathologic Findings in the Region of the First Extensor Compartment of the Wrist , 2009, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[15]  F. Walker,et al.  Ultrasonographic swelling ratio in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow , 2008, Muscle & nerve.

[16]  A. Colak,et al.  Sonographic appearances of the normal ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel , 2008, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.

[17]  Kerry Thoirs,et al.  Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow , 2008, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[18]  S. Mandel,et al.  Sonographic Diagnosis Of Posterior Interosseous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome , 2016, Radiology case reports.

[19]  G. Cerri,et al.  Ultrasound features of carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective case-control study , 2007, Skeletal Radiology.

[20]  Stefano Bianchi,et al.  Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system , 2007 .

[21]  B. Marincek,et al.  Peripheral neuropathies of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves: MR imaging features. , 2006, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[22]  F. Walker,et al.  Ultrasound in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the cubital tunnel. , 2006, The Journal of hand surgery.

[23]  G. Bodner,et al.  Predictors of carpal tunnel syndrome: accuracy of gray-scale and color Doppler sonography. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[24]  Ka Sing Wong,et al.  Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnostic usefulness of sonography. , 2004, Radiology.

[25]  K. Arimura,et al.  Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome with hourglass-like fascicular constriction of the nerve , 2003, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[26]  C. Hayes,et al.  Sonography and MR imaging of posterior interosseous nerve syndrome with surgical correlation. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[27]  L. Visser,et al.  Sonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: A critical review of the literature , 2003, Muscle & nerve.

[28]  G. Bodner,et al.  Ultrasonographic Appearance of Supinator Syndrome , 2002, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[29]  B. Parry,et al.  The anatomical relationship between the posterior interosseous nerve and the supinator muscle. , 2000, The Journal of hand surgery.

[30]  Sullivan,et al.  Sonography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome , 1999, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[31]  W. Buchberger,et al.  Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis with high-resolution sonography. , 1992, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[32]  J. Imbriglia,et al.  The ulnar tunnel at the wrist (Guyon's canal): normal MR anatomy and variants. , 1992, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[33]  W. Buchberger,et al.  High‐resolution ultrasonography of the carpal tunnel. , 1991, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[34]  R. Gelberman,et al.  The anatomy of the distal ulnar tunnel. , 1985, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[35]  F. M. Howard,et al.  The incomplete anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. , 1985, The Journal of hand surgery.

[36]  A. Braidwood.  Superficial radial neuropathy. , 1975, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[37]  D B Apfelberg,et al.  DYNAMIC ANATOMY OF THE ULNAR NERVE AT THE ELBOW , 1973, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[38]  L. Rolfsen.  [Ulnar tunnel syndrome]. , 1969, Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke.