Short communication. Micropropagation of two Pakistani soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars from cotyledon nodes

Soybean is an important oilseed crop throughout the world and there are continuous efforts to improve it through various techniques from field to laboratory. Although soybean has been grown in Pakistan since a long period, there are no or limited factors involving its improvement through biotechnological techniques in Pakistan. This study aimed to optimize a regeneration protocol for two soybean cultivars, NARC-4 and NARC-7, using cotyledonary nodes as explant. Cultivar NARC-4 showed higher percentage of regeneration (88%) and mean number of shoots per explant (7.3 shoot per explant) compared to cv. NARC-7 with maximum frequency of 82% shoot regeneration and maximum mean number of 6.4 shoots per explant. However, variants of cyotkinins in the media had variable effects on regeneration and shoot length. Generally 6-benzylamino purine was better compared to zeatin riboside and kinetin. The results showed that half cotyledon could be effectively used as explant for direct micropropagation in soybean. The results could also be exploited positively for Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation.

[1]  Richard F. Wilson,et al.  Soybean: Market Driven Research Needs , 2008 .

[2]  Tian-long Wu,et al.  Rapid and efficient regeneration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] from whole cotyledonary node explants , 2008, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.

[3]  T. Jones,et al.  A novel Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation method of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] using primary-node explants from seedlings , 2007, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[4]  P. Chand,et al.  Rapid plant regeneration through in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.)—a twinning legume , 2007, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[5]  S. Korban,et al.  Enhancing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature cotyledons of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] , 2004, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[6]  D. Hildebrand,et al.  Optimization of somatic embryogenesis and embryo germination in soybean , 1988, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.

[7]  I. Levin,et al.  A simple plant regeneration-ability assay in a range of Lycopersiconspecies , 2006, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

[8]  M. Paz,et al.  GENETIC TRANSFORMATION AND HYBRIDIZATION , 2006 .

[9]  R. Visser,et al.  Development of a highly efficient, repetitive system of organogenesis in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). , 2005, Plant Cell Reports.

[10]  Zhi-ming Wei,et al.  Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of soybeans using an embryonic tip regeneration system , 2004, Planta.

[11]  G. Franklin,et al.  Factors influencing regeneration of soybean from mature and immature cotyledons , 2004, Plant Growth Regulation.

[12]  N. A. Reichert,et al.  Adventitious organogenic regeneration from soybean genotypes representing nine maturity groups , 2003, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

[13]  M. Hinchee,et al.  Regeneration of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) from cultured primary leaf tissue , 1987, Plant Cell Reports.

[14]  M. Hinchee,et al.  Plant regeneration by organogenesis in Glycine max , 1986, Plant Cell Reports.

[15]  A. Szalay,et al.  Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in the soybean Glycine max , 1985, Plant Cell Reports.

[16]  B. Lippmann,et al.  Induction of somatic embryos in cotyledonary tissue of soybean, Glycine max L. Merr , 1984, Plant Cell Reports.

[17]  T. Clemente,et al.  The use of glufosinate as a selective agent in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean , 2004, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

[18]  S. Tiwari,et al.  Epigenesis and High Frequency Plant Regeneration from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Hypocotyls , 2003 .

[19]  D. Perecin,et al.  Induction of somatic embryogenesis in soybean: physicochemical factors influencing the development of somatic embryos , 2000 .

[20]  G. Vizárová,et al.  A comparative study of different cytokinins on the formation of Rhododendron forrestii Balf. f. ex diels. axillary shoots in vitro , 1998, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.

[21]  K. Rajasekaran,et al.  Somatic embryogenesis from cultured epicotyls and primary leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] , 1997, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[22]  J. Finer,et al.  Effect of explant orientation, pH, solidifying agent and wounding on initiation of soybean somatic embryos , 1997, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[23]  R. Shoemaker,et al.  Early events of multiple bud formation and shoot development in soybean embryonic axes treated with the cytokinin, 6‐benzylaminopurine , 1994 .

[24]  J. Widholm,et al.  Soybean: Plant Regeneration and Somaclonal Variation , 1990 .

[25]  P. S. Carlson,et al.  A Morphogenetically Competent Soybean Suspension Culture , 1983, Science.

[26]  H. Saka,et al.  Plant regeneration from soybean cotyledonary node segments in culture. , 1980 .

[27]  R. Miller,et al.  Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. , 1968, Experimental cell research.

[28]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures , 1962 .