Simulation of heat and moisture transfer through a surface residue—soil system

Abstract A simulation model suitable for describing the dynamic aspects of mass and energy transfer in a soil—residue—atmosphere system has been developed and used to determine soil heat and water budgets. The model has been programmed in BASIC and uses numerical methods suitable for microcomputer applications. It displays a fundamental coupling of the surface residue to the soil—atmosphere system, and uses network analysis to describe heat and moisture transfer. Short-wave and long-wave radiative transfer, changes in energy status, rainfall interception by the residue, infiltration, redistribution, evaporation, and drainage are all accounted for. Daily input requirements include global short-wave radiation, maximum and minimum air temperatures, average wind speed, precipitation, and temperature and water content deep within the soil. General site, residue, and soil characteristics are also needed. Surface residues are treated as a thin layer with uniform horizontal distribution and residue loading rate is 3000 kg ha−1. Application of the model to energy and water budget studies using environmental data recorded at Pullman, WA during 1981/82 is discussed. Simulation results indicate that for the Pullman conditions surface residues decreased evaporation by roughly 36% when compared with simulations of bare soil evaporation. Monthly trends, however, indicate that the effectiveness of residues in conserving soil moisture decreases as the length of rain-free periods increases.

[1]  Terry E. Shoup,et al.  A practical guide to computer methods for engineers , 1979 .

[2]  D. Hillel,et al.  Calculating potential and actual evaporation from a bare soil surface by simulation of concurrent flow of water and heat , 1976 .

[3]  W. R. Gardner.  SOME STEADY‐STATE SOLUTIONS OF THE UNSATURATED MOISTURE FLOW EQUATION WITH APPLICATION TO EVAPORATION FROM A WATER TABLE , 1958 .

[4]  Ray D. Jackson,et al.  Diurnal Soil-Water Evaporation: Comparison of Measured and Calculated Soil-Water Fluxes 1 , 1974 .

[5]  G. Campbell,et al.  An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics , 1977 .

[6]  G. Campbell,et al.  Windspeed dependence of heat and mass transfer through coats and clothing , 1980 .

[7]  J. Monteith,et al.  Long‐wave radiation at the ground I. Angular distribution of incoming radiation , 1975 .

[8]  J. R. Philip,et al.  Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients , 1957 .

[9]  T. L. Jones,et al.  Enhancement of thermal water vapor diffusion in soil , 1984 .

[10]  Van Doren,et al.  Effect of residue management practices on the soil physical environment , 2015 .

[11]  J. M. Norman,et al.  Application of a Plant-Environment Model to Problems in Irrigation , 1983 .

[12]  S. Patankar.  Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , 2018, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.

[13]  Gaylon S. Campbell,et al.  A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING UNSATURATED CONDUCTIVITY FROM MOISTURE RETENTION DATA , 1974 .

[14]  B. Kimball,et al.  Air Turbulence Effects upon Soil Gas Exchange1 , 1971 .

[15]  J. D. Jabro,et al.  Gaseous diffusion equations for porous materials , 1982 .

[16]  G. Campbell,et al.  An equation for separating daily solar irradiation into direct and diffuse components , 1985 .

[17]  J. Monteith,et al.  Boundary Layer Climates. , 1979 .

[18]  I. R. Cowan.  Mass, heat and momentum exchange between stands of plants and their atmospheric environment , 1968 .

[19]  L. F. Elliott,et al.  Water Potential-Water Content Characteristics of Wheat Straw , 1981 .

[20]  G. S. Campbell,et al.  An Analysis of Sensible and Latent Heat Flow in a Partially Frozen Unsaturated Soil , 1978 .

[21]  J. Goudriaan,et al.  Crop Micrometeorology: A Simulation Study , 1977 .

[22]  Ray D. Jackson,et al.  Comparison of Field-measured and Calculated Soil-heat Fluxes1 , 1976 .