Review of Air-Fuel Ratio Prediction and Control Methods

Air pollution is one of main challenging issues nowadays that researchers have been trying to address. The emissions of vehicle engine exhausts are responsible for 50 percent of air pollution. Different types of emissions emit from vehicles including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, NOX, and so on. There is a tendency to develop strategies of engine control which work in a fast way. Accomplishing this task will result in a decrease in emissions which coupled with the fuel composition can bring about the best performance of the vehicle engine. Controlling the Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) is necessary, because the AFR has an enormous impact on the effectiveness of the fuel and reduction of emissions. This paper is aimed at reviewing the recent studies on the prediction and control of the AFR, as a bulk of research works with different approaches, was conducted in this area. These approaches include both classical and modern methods, namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic, and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems are described in this paper. The strength and the weakness of individual approaches will be discussed at length.

[1]  Shiwei Wang,et al.  A New Development of Internal Combustion Engine Air-Fuel Ratio Control With Second-Order Sliding Mode , 2007 .

[2]  James C. Peyton Jones,et al.  An Adaptive Delay-Compensated PID Air Fuel Ratio Controller , 2007 .

[3]  Dingli Yu,et al.  Adaptive air-fuel ratio control with MLP network , 2005, Int. J. Autom. Comput..

[4]  V. Piuri,et al.  A fine control of the air-to-fuel ratio with recurrent neural networks , 1998, IMTC/98 Conference Proceedings. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Where Instrumentation is Going (Cat. No.98CH36222).

[5]  Adel A. Ghandakly,et al.  Adaptive Air-Fuel Ratio Control of an SI Engine Using Fuzzy Logic Parameters Evaluation , 2000 .

[6]  Umberto Montanaro,et al.  Model-Based Control of the Air Fuel Ratio for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines via Advanced Co-Simulation: An Approach to Reduce the Development Cycle of Engine Control Systems , 2011 .

[7]  Thierry-Marie Guerra,et al.  Air-fuel ratio control in a gasoline engine , 2011, Int. J. Syst. Sci..

[8]  Marco Sorrentino,et al.  RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS FOR AIR-FUEL RATIO ESTIMATION AND CONTROL IN SPARK-IGNITED ENGINES , 2008 .

[9]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[10]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Model-based cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio control for SI engines using sliding observers , 1996, Proceeding of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications IEEE International Conference on Control Applications held together with IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Contro.

[11]  A. J. Beaumont,et al.  Adaptive control of gasoline engine air-fuel ratio using artificial neural networks , 1995 .

[12]  C. Beltrami,et al.  AFR control in si engine with neural prediction of cylinder air mass , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003..

[13]  Bimal K. Bose,et al.  Expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network applications in power electronics and motion control , 1994, Proc. IEEE.

[14]  S. S. Douglas,et al.  Adaptive neural network model based predictive control for air-fuel ratio of SI engines , 2006, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[15]  Keith J. Burnham,et al.  Model comparison for feedforward air/fuel ratio control , 1998 .

[16]  S. H. Lee,et al.  Engine fuel injection control using fuzzy logic , 2004 .

[17]  J. Karl Hedrick,et al.  Sliding Mode Fuel-Injection Controller: Its Advantages , 1991 .

[18]  S-K Nam,et al.  Predictive Sliding Control with Fuzzy Logic for Fuel-Injected Automotive Engines , 1992 .

[19]  Dingli Yu,et al.  Adaptive RBF network for parameter estimation and stable air-fuel ratio control , 2008, Neural Networks.

[20]  Ivan Nunes da Silva,et al.  Virtual Oxygen Sensor Implementation Using Artificial Neural Networks , 2008, EIAT/IETA.

[21]  Richard J. Atkinson,et al.  Neural Network-Based Diesel Engine Emissions Prediction Using In-Cylinder Combustion Pressure , 1999 .

[22]  Rudolf Kruse,et al.  Fuzzy Control , 2015, Handbook of Computational Intelligence.

[23]  Dean Tomazic,et al.  An Artificial Neural Network-based Approach for Virtual NOx Sensing , 2008 .

[24]  Paul Puleston,et al.  Air-fuel ratio and speed control for low emission vehicles based on sliding mode techniques , 2002 .

[25]  Daniel L. Thomas,et al.  What is an Expert System , 1988 .

[26]  Lifeng Xi,et al.  Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Estimation in Spark Ignition Engine Using Recurrent Neural Networks , 2007, KES.

[27]  M Sunwoo,et al.  An adaptive sliding mode controller for air-fuel ratio control of spark ignition engines , 2001 .

[28]  Ulf Holmberg,et al.  Different Strategies for Transient Control of the Air-Fuel Ratio in a SI Engine , 2000 .

[29]  Ram-Nandan P. Singh,et al.  Fuzzy logic applications to multisensor-multitarget correlation , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[30]  J. Karl Hedrick,et al.  Nonlinear Algorithms for Simultaneous Speed Tracking and Air-Fuel Ratio Control in an Automobile Engine , 1999 .

[31]  Robert J. Howlett,et al.  Monitoring internal combustion engines by neural network based virtual sensing , 2000 .

[32]  Marco Sorrentino,et al.  A procedure to enhance identification of recurrent neural networks for simulating air-fuel ratio dynamics in SI engines , 2006, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[33]  J. Karl Hedrick,et al.  An observer-based controller design method for improving air/fuel characteristics of spark ignition engines , 1998, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[34]  Kevin Barraclough,et al.  I and i , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[35]  Dong-Il Cho,et al.  CMAC neural network controller for fuel-injection systems , 1995, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[36]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  Estimation of Air Fuel Ratio of a SI Engine from Exhaust Gas Temperature at Cold Start Condition , 2002 .

[37]  Dingli Yu,et al.  Radial-basis-function-based feedforward—feedback control for air—fuel ratio of spark ignition engines , 2008 .

[38]  Xia Yuan,et al.  CNG engine air-fuel ratio control using fuzzy neural networks , 2002, The 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System, 2002..

[39]  P. A. Howson,et al.  Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement in an Internal Combustion Engine using a Neural Network , 1998 .

[40]  Ulrich Lenz,et al.  Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control Using Artificial Intelligence , 1997 .

[41]  Michael Negnevitsky,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: A Guide to Intelligent Systems , 2001 .

[42]  Abhisek Ukil,et al.  Intelligent systems and signal processing in power engineering , 2007 .

[43]  Ali Akbar Safavi,et al.  Experimental validation of recurrent Neuro-Fuzzy Networks for AFR estimation and control in SI engines , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA) Proceedings.

[44]  Nigel N. Clark,et al.  Technical Note: Neural network modelling of the emissions and performance of a heavy-duty diesel engine , 2000 .

[45]  Zhi-qiang Liu,et al.  A Fuzzy Neural Network and Application to Air-Fuel Ratio Control under Gasoline Engine Transient Condition , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application.

[46]  Yao Ju-Biao.  Research on Transient Air Fuel Ratio Control of Gasoline Engines , 2009, 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications.

[47]  H. Javaherian,et al.  Virtual air-fuel ratio sensors for engine control and diagnostics , 2006, 2006 American Control Conference.

[48]  Marimuthu Palaniswami,et al.  Gaussian networks for fuel injection control , 2001 .

[49]  J. K. Hedrick,et al.  Fuel-injection control of SI engines , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[50]  Rogelio Lozano,et al.  Modelling and Control of Mini-Flying Machines , 2005 .

[51]  Greg Schoenau,et al.  Preliminary Experimental Verification of an Intelligent Fuel Air Ratio Controller , 2007 .

[52]  John B. Shoven,et al.  I , Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.

[53]  Ali Ghaffari,et al.  Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Air-Fuel Ratio of Automobile Spark Ignition Engine , 2008 .

[54]  Javad Mohammadpour,et al.  A parameter-varying filtered PID strategy for air–fuel ratio control of spark ignition engines , 2012 .