Dynamic wave field synthesis: enabling the generation of field distributions with a large space-bandwidth product.

We present a novel approach for the design and fabrication of multiplexed computer generated volume holograms (CGVH) which allow for a dynamic synthesis of arbitrary wave field distributions. To achieve this goal, we developed a hybrid system that consists of a CGVH as a static element and an electronically addressed spatial light modulator as the dynamic element. We thereby derived a new model for describing the scattering process within the inhomogeneous dielectric material of the hologram. This model is based on the linearization of the scattering process within the Rytov approximation and incorporates physical constraints that account for voxel based laser-lithography using micro-fabrication of the holograms in a nonlinear optical material. In this article we demonstrate that this system basically facilitates a high angular Bragg selectivity on the order of 1°. Additionally, it allows for a qualitatively low cross-talk dynamic synthesis of predefined wave fields with a much larger space-bandwidth product (SBWP ≥ 8.7 × 10(6)) as compared to the current state of the art in computer generated holography.

[1]  J. Yardley,et al.  Photochemical laser writing of polymeric optical waveguides , 1991 .

[2]  K. Okamoto.  Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides , 2000 .

[3]  María J. Yzuel,et al.  Comparison of computer-generated holograms produced by laser printers and lithography: application to pattern recognition , 1995 .

[4]  M. Glas,et al.  Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging , 2000 .

[5]  Perry,et al.  Nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics. , 1996, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[6]  Okan K. Ersoy,et al.  Diffraction, Fourier Optics and Imaging , 2006 .

[7]  Jennifer E. Curtis,et al.  Dynamic holographic optical tweezers , 2002 .

[8]  Rafael Piestun,et al.  Polarization selective computer-generated holograms realized in glass by femtosecond laser induced nanogratings. , 2006, Optics express.

[9]  Jan Grinberg,et al.  A new real-time non-coherent to coherent light image converter - The hybrid field effect liquid crystal light valve , 1975 .

[10]  L. E. Larsen,et al.  Limitations of Imaging with First-Order Diffraction Tomography , 1984 .

[11]  E. Wolf,et al.  Comparison of the Born and the Rytov approximations for scattering on quasi-homogeneous media , 1990 .

[12]  Kevin R. Curtis,et al.  Holographic data storage , 2011 .

[13]  B. Roy Frieden,et al.  Computer-generated holograms W. J. Dallas , 1980 .

[14]  Asher A. Friesem,et al.  Applications of Holography and Optical Data Processing , 1982 .

[15]  R. Grosso,et al.  The membrane mirror as an adaptive optical element , 1977 .

[16]  J. Nishii,et al.  Femtosecond laser-assisted three-dimensional microfabrication in silica. , 2001, Optics letters.

[17]  Y. Belvaux.  Influence of emulsion thickness in hologram reconstruction , 1967 .

[18]  James A. Arns,et al.  Volume-phase holographic gratings and their potential for astronomical applications , 1998, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation.

[19]  I. Yamaguchi,et al.  Phase-shifting digital holography. , 1997, Optics letters.

[20]  Ting-Chung Poon,et al.  Engineering Optics with Matlab , 2006 .

[21]  U. Schnars,et al.  Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction. , 1994, Applied optics.

[22]  Julia Lobera,et al.  Holography, tomography and 3D microscopy as linear filtering operations , 2008 .

[23]  Emmett N. Leith,et al.  Wavefront Reconstruction with Continuous-Tone Objects* , 1963 .

[24]  B. D. Cook,et al.  Unified Approach to Ultrasonic Light Diffraction , 1967, IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics.

[25]  C. Falldorf,et al.  Fabrication of Multiplexed Computer Generated Volume Holograms in Photosensitive Glass , 2014 .

[26]  Wolfgang Osten,et al.  Recent advances in digital holography [invited]. , 2014, Applied optics.

[27]  Jeffrey B. Sampsell,et al.  Digital micromirror device and its application to projection displays , 1994 .

[28]  E. Wolf.  Three-dimensional structure determination of semi-transparent objects from holographic data , 1969 .

[29]  T. Kreis.  Handbook of Holographic Interferometry: Optical and Digital Methods , 2004 .

[30]  Reinhard Männer,et al.  Computer-generated stratified diffractive optical elements. , 2003, Applied optics.

[31]  William J. Dallas.  Computer-Generated Holograms , 2006 .

[32]  D. Gabor.  A New Microscopic Principle , 1948, Nature.

[33]  G. Sherman.  Integral-Transform Formulation of Diffraction Theory* , 1967 .

[34]  Koji Sugioka,et al.  Optical gratings embedded in photosensitive glass by photochemical reaction using a femtosecond laser. , 2003, Optics express.

[35]  J R Fienup,et al.  Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison. , 1982, Applied optics.

[36]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  Space–bandwidth product of optical signals and systems , 1996 .

[37]  Emmett N. Leith,et al.  Holographic data storage in three-dimensional media. , 1966, Applied optics.

[38]  Rafael Piestun,et al.  Aperiodic computer-generated volume holograms improve the performance of amplitude volume gratings. , 2007, Optics express.

[39]  Zhenwu Lu,et al.  Lithographic fabrication of large curved hologram by laser writer. , 2004, Optics express.

[40]  Investigation of composite materials using SLM-based phase retrieval. , 2013, Optics letters.

[41]  T. Gaylord,et al.  Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of planar-grating diffraction , 1981 .

[42]  Mark T. Gruneisen,et al.  Programmable diffractive optics for wide-dynamic-range wavefront control using liquid-crystal spatial light modulators , 2004 .

[43]  A. Devaney.  Inversion formula for inverse scattering within the Born approximation. , 1982, Optics letters.

[44]  Y. Murti,et al.  Essentials of Nonlinear Optics , 2014 .

[45]  Demetri Psaltis,et al.  Holographic Data Storage , 1998, Computer.

[46]  John M. Watts,et al.  Analysis and synthesis , 1985 .

[47]  Werner Jüptner,et al.  Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms , 2002 .

[48]  S. Charles Baber.  Application Of High Resolution Laser Writers To Computer Generated Holograms And Binary Diffractive Optics , 1989, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[49]  Boris Polyak,et al.  The method of projections for finding the common point of convex sets , 1967 .

[50]  M. S. Wartak,et al.  Computational Photonics: An Introduction with MATLAB , 2013 .

[51]  David J. Brady,et al.  Multidimensional tomographic imaging using volume holography , 1999, Proc. IEEE.

[52]  P. P. Ewald.  Introduction to the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction , 1969 .

[53]  Claas Falldorf,et al.  Shearing interferometer based on the birefringent properties of a spatial light modulator. , 2009, Optics letters.

[54]  H. Johnson,et al.  A comparison of 'traditional' and multimedia information systems development practices , 2003, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[55]  Song Zhang,et al.  Superfast phase-shifting method for 3-D shape measurement. , 2010, Optics express.

[56]  Claas Falldorf,et al.  Digital holography and quantitative phase contrast imaging using computational shear interferometry , 2015 .

[57]  James P. Waters,et al.  HOLOGRAPHIC IMAGE SYNTHESIS UTILIZING THEORETICAL METHODS , 1966 .

[58]  H Toyoda,et al.  Diffraction efficiency analysis of a parallel-aligned nematic-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. , 1994, Applied optics.

[59]  R. Piestun,et al.  Aperiodic Volume Optics , 2010 .

[60]  O. Bryngdahl,et al.  Iterative Fourier-transform algorithm applied to computer holography , 1988 .

[61]  Robert W. Cohn.  Real-time multispot beam steering with electrically controlled spatial light modulators , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[62]  Claas Falldorf,et al.  Least-squares based inverse reconstruction of in-line digital holograms , 2013 .

[63]  Jürgen Jahns,et al.  Introduction to Micro- and Nanooptics , 2012 .

[64]  James R. Fienup,et al.  Optimum holographic elements recorded with nonspherical wave fronts , 1983 .

[65]  Holography Book,et al.  Fourier Acoustics Sound Radiation And Nearfield Acoustical Holography , 2016 .

[66]  Rafael Piestun,et al.  Computer-generated volume holograms fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. , 2006, Optics letters.

[67]  M. Feit,et al.  Light propagation in graded-index optical fibers. , 1978, Applied optics.

[68]  John T. Shen,et al.  A simple method for Bragg diffraction in volume holographic gratings , 2009 .

[69]  M. Scully,et al.  Distribution functions in physics: Fundamentals , 1984 .

[70]  Koji Sugioka,et al.  Investigation of photoreaction mechanism of photosensitive glass by femtosecond laser , 2005 .

[71]  C. Xu,et al.  Finite-Difference Beam Popagation Method for Guide-Wave Optics , 1995 .

[72]  D. Psaltis,et al.  Control of volume holograms , 1992 .

[73]  Claas Falldorf,et al.  Holographic projection based on diamond-turned diffractive optical elements. , 2009, Applied optics.

[74]  C. Falldorf,et al.  Phase retrieval by means of a spatial light modulator in the Fourier domain of an imaging system. , 2010, Applied optics.

[75]  Mario Bertero,et al.  Introduction to Inverse Problems in Imaging , 1998 .

[76]  M. Teich,et al.  Fundamentals of Photonics , 1991 .

[77]  B. K. Jenkins,et al.  Cascaded diffractive optical elements for improved multiplane image reconstruction. , 2013, Applied optics.

[78]  Saulius Juodkazis,et al.  3D laser microfabrication: principles and applications , 2006 .

[79]  Claas Falldorf,et al.  Wave field sensing by means of computational shear interferometry. , 2013, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[80]  Johannes Courtial,et al.  Experimental demonstration of holographic three-dimensional light shaping using a Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm , 2005 .

[81]  Y Fainman,et al.  Wave-front generation of Zernike polynomial modes with a micromachined membrane deformable mirror. , 1999, Applied optics.

[82]  Fu-Pen Chiang,et al.  High-speed 3-D shape measurement based on digital fringe projection , 2003 .

[83]  Malgorzata Kujawinska,et al.  Active, LCoS based laser interferometer for microelements studies. , 2006, Optics express.

[84]  Steven M. Arnold,et al.  Electron Beam Fabrication Of Computer-Generated Holograms , 1985 .

[85]  Daniel L Marks,et al.  A family of approximations spanning the Born and Rytov scattering series. , 2006, Optics express.

[86]  W Osten,et al.  Phase errors in high line density CGH used for aspheric testing: beyond scalar approximation. , 2013, Optics express.

[87]  E. Leith,et al.  Reconstructed Wavefronts and Communication Theory , 1962 .

[88]  M. Schmid.  Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light , 2016 .

[89]  Akira Ishimaru,et al.  Wave propagation and scattering in random media , 1997 .

[90]  O. Bryngdahl,et al.  Digital holography as part of diffractive optics , 1991 .

[92]  A W Lohmann,et al.  Binary fraunhofer holograms, generated by computer. , 1967, Applied optics.

[93]  Mj Martin Bastiaans.  The Wigner distribution function applied to optical signals and systems , 1978 .

[94]  Martin P. Bendsøe,et al.  Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 96 , 1997 .

[95]  R. A. Silverman,et al.  Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium , 1961 .

[96]  Thomas J Naughton,et al.  Extended focused imaging for digital holograms of macroscopic three-dimensional objects. , 2008, Applied optics.

[97]  Wolfgang Osten,et al.  Wavefront reconstruction with the adaptive Shack–Hartmann sensor , 2005 .

[98]  C. Falldorf,et al.  A new approach to dynamic wave field synthesis using computer generated volume holograms , 2013, 2013 12th Workshop on Information Optics (WIO).

[99]  W J Dallas,et al.  Volume holograms constructed from computer-generated masks. , 1978, Applied optics.

[100]  D. Lupo,et al.  Nonlinear fiber optics. By G. P. Agrawal. Academic Press, San Diego 1989, xii, 342 pp, bound, US $39.95.—ISBN 0‐12‐045140‐9 , 1990 .

[101]  R. Bergmann,et al.  Microsized subsurface modification of mono-crystalline silicon via non-linear absorption , 2012 .

[102]  J. W. Goodman,et al.  Digital Image Formation From Electronically Detected Holograms , 1967, Other Conferences.

[103]  M. Liang,et al.  Confocal pattern period in multiple-aperture confocal imaging systems with coherent illumination. , 1997, Optics letters.

[104]  Patrik Langehanenberg,et al.  Autofocusing in digital holographic microscopy , 2011 .

[105]  H. Kogelnik.  Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings , 1969 .

[106]  J. Goodman.  Introduction to Fourier optics , 1969 .

[107]  A. Asundi,et al.  Imaging analysis of digital holography. , 2005, Optics express.

[108]  W. P. Brown,et al.  Validity of the Rytov Approximation in Optical Propagation Calculations , 1966 .

[109]  José Antonio Domínguez-Caballero,et al.  Optimization of the holographic process for imaging and lithography , 2010 .

[110]  W H Lee,et al.  Binary computer-generated holograms. , 1979, Applied optics.

[111]  Chuan Shen,et al.  Active optical zoom system. , 2014, Applied optics.

[112]  Yuta Wakayama,et al.  Selective multimode excitation using volume holographic mode multiplexer. , 2013, Optics letters.