Comment: Understanding OR, PS and DR

We congratulate Kang and Schafer (KS) on their ex cellent article comparing various estimators of a popu lation mean in the presence of missing data, and thank the Editor for organizing the discussion. In this com munication, we systematically examine the propen sity score (PS) and the outcome regression (OR) ap proaches and doubly robust (DR) estimation, which are all discussed by KS. The aim is to clarify and better our understanding of the three interrelated subjects. Sections 1 and 2 contain the following main points, respectively.