Chemical concentrations and contamination associated with clandestine methamphetamine laboratories

We conducted a study to determine the chemical exposures associated with the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine. Two scenarios were utilized, sampling at actual clandestine laboratories as they were being raided by law enforcement (Scenario 1) and sampling at controlled “cooks” conducted in houses to be destroyed (Scenario 2). Sampling during Scenario 1 revealed that most suspected laboratories had significant amounts of methamphetamine surface contamination throughout the suspected “cook” area. Levels of hydrocarbons, phosphine, iodine, and inorganic acids were unremarkable in these inactive laboratories. Sampling during the controlled cooks (Scenario 2) revealed high concentrations of phosphine, iodine, anhydrous ammonia, and hydrogen chloride during the “cooking” process. Anhydrous ammonia and hydrogen chloride were detected at levels that exceed NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) levels. An aerosol of methamphetamine was also created during the process resulting in surface contamination within the structure as well as contamination on the clothing of the individuals participating in the “cooking” process. Based on our study, individuals entering a suspected clandestine methamphetamine laboratory should wear chemically resistant protective clothing and use a self-contained breathing apparatus. Individuals entering the suspected laboratory should also assume that items and persons associated with the “cook” area are chemically contaminated and need to be decontaminated.