Determination of deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in a bread model food by liquid chromatography-high resolution-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry equipped with a high-energy collision dissociation cell.

A sensitive and accurate method employing a single stage high resolution mass spectrometer equipped with a high-energy collision-dissociation cell (HCD) for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) in a processed bread model food has been developed. Two sample pre-treatment routes for the extraction of these mycotoxins were investigated, based on Mycosep(®) column clean up or QuEChERS-like procedure, respectively. The former approach suffered less from matrix effects and allowed to achieve in bread samples LODs of 7, 12 and 17 ng/g for T-2, HT-2 and DON, respectively, with 0.5 ppm mass accuracy. Two acquisition modes, full scan MS and all ion fragmentation, exploiting the fragmentation features offered by an HCD chamber and integrated within the Orbitrap analyser, were compared for quantitative purposes. The method was applied to investigate the degradation of these mycotoxins during bread processing using a bread model food. Most T-2 hydrolyzed to HT-2 during dough preparation, and about 20-30% of HT-2 and DON was degraded during bread baking.

[1]  H. S. Hussein,et al.  Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. , 2001, Toxicology.

[2]  T. Rundberget,et al.  Instrumental methods for determination of nonmacrocyclic trichothecenes in cereals, foodstuffs and cultures , 1998 .

[3]  R. Schothorst,et al.  Report from SCOOP task 3.2.10 "collection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU member states". Subtask: trichothecenes. , 2004, Toxicology letters.

[4]  R. Krska,et al.  Simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and their major masked metabolites in cereal-based food by LC–MS–MS , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[5]  A. Visconti,et al.  Cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins using a rapid colorimetric bioassay , 1991, Mycopathologia.

[6]  H. Humpf,et al.  Determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes in cereals by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[7]  S. Lehotay,et al.  Evaluation of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[8]  J. Hajšlová,et al.  Novel approaches in analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals employing ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[9]  S. Resnik,et al.  Effect of fermentation on naturally occurring deoxynivalenol (DON) in Argentinean bread processing technology , 2001, Food additives and contaminants.

[10]  J. Hajšlová,et al.  Fate of trichothecene mycotoxins during the processing: Milling and baking , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[11]  A. Gusev,et al.  Signal suppression/enhancement in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS from concomitant medications. , 2007, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[12]  Achille Cappiello,et al.  Overcoming matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  M. Spiteller,et al.  Multi-mycotoxin analysis in complex biological matrices using LC-ESI/MS: experimental study using triple stage quadrupole and LTQ-Orbitrap. , 2009, Journal of separation science.

[14]  J. Larsen,et al.  Workshop on trichothecenes with a focus on DON: summary report. , 2004, Toxicology letters.

[15]  C. Hazel,et al.  Influence of processing on trichothecene levels. , 2004, Toxicology letters.

[16]  V. Lattanzio,et al.  Current analytical methods for trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals , 2009 .

[17]  Michaela Scigelova,et al.  Coupling liquid chromatography to Orbitrap mass spectrometry. , 2010, Journal of chromatography. A.

[18]  V. Lattanzio,et al.  Enzymatic hydrolysis of T-2 toxin for the quantitative determination of total T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[19]  Milena Zachariasova,et al.  Analysis of multiple mycotoxins in cereals under ambient conditions using direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. , 2010, Talanta.

[20]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[21]  T. Olah,et al.  The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds. , 1999, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[22]  E Bergamini,et al.  Fate of Fusarium mycotoxins in the cereal product supply chain: the deoxynivalenol (DON) case within industrial bread-making technology , 2010, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[23]  V. Lattanzio,et al.  Determination of trichothecenes in cereals and cereal-based products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.