We find that using an overfilled launch, transmission of an 8-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal can suffer a significant power penalty due to modal noise or fiber bandwidth fluctuations if an offset connector is located before the 300-m-long multimode fiber link. This is an important problem as multimode fiber links in the premises typically contain several (potentially offset) connectors. A possible solution in state-of-the-art multimode fibers having a small refractive index center defect is to employ a single-mode center launch. To evaluate the robustness of this technique in the presence of several offset connectors in the link, a thorough study of the evolution of the beam diameter is performed. It suggests that at least five standard connectors may be employed without incurring significant power penalties.
[1]
D. Marcuse,et al.
Calculation of bandwidth from index profiles of optical fibers. 1: Theory.
,
1979,
Applied Optics.
[2]
R. Dändliker,et al.
How modal noise in multimode fibers depends on source spectrum and fiber dispersion
,
1985
.
[3]
T. Kanada.
Evaluation of modal noise in multimode fiber-optic systems
,
1984
.
[4]
Ian H. White,et al.
Increasing the bandwidth-distance product of multimode fibre using offset launch
,
1997
.
[5]
I. White,et al.
An experimental and theoretical study of the offset launch technique for the enhancement of the bandwidth of multimode fiber links
,
1998
.