Religion's impact on Ramadan fasting for patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of evidence

Introduction: Ramadan is the holy moon month for Muslims during which they fast from predawn to after sunset. Ramadan is a divine duty for all healthy Muslim adults. There is a large number of Muslims with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who have the low-to-moderate risk that is associated with fasting. Aim: This study aims to explore the role of the Islamic religion in promoting safe Ramadan fasting for Muslim patients of diabetes mellitus. Method: A systematic search of studies relating to diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting was conducted between the 1st of January 1990 and the end of February 2019 for relevant studies, using the following databases: PubMed and Google search engine. The words “religious”, “fasting”, “Ramadan” and “diabetes mellitus were used. Result: A total of 153 citations were initially identified. One hundred four were removed for failing to address the aim of the study, duplication, lack of proper citation, and poor use of language. After screening titles and abstracts, 49 full-text articles were retrieved for eligibility analysis. Nine studies focused on the importance and positive effects of religion on fasting for these patients, fifteen studies concentrated on the exemptions during Ramadan, six studies evaluated the reasons for fasting among exempted persons, seven studies corrected some wrong ideas about fasting, religious education (five studies) (lack of knowledge and its importance) and the effect of cooperation between religion scholars and healthcare providers (thirteen studies). Six studies covered more than one item. Conclusion: Islamic religious teachings and medical recommendations can strengthen each other to promote safe adherence to divine duty for patients with diabetes mellitus during Ramadan. *Correspondence to: Imad eddin Rahamtalla Musa, Royal Commission Hospital at Jubail Industrial City, P.O.B. 11994, zip code 31961, KSA, E-mail: irthesudanese@hotmail.com