The mechanisms of leukocyte removal by filtration.

ONVINCING evidence exists that blood transfusions are associated with deleterious effects caused by residual leukocytes in blood and blood components. These side effects include alloimmunization to histocompatibility antigens, transmission of viruses, immunosuppression and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Leukocyte depletion of blood components may prevent or ameliorate some of these harmful effects. Among the various methods to remove or reduce leukocytes in blood components, filters have been shown to be most efficient. However, the mechanism of leukocyte depletion by such filters is not completely understood, which limits the development of improved, cost-effective, and clinically applicable filter materials. The aim of this review article is to discuss the development of leukocyte filters, the various mechanisms of leukocyte filtration, and mathematical models to describe the process of leukocyte filtration.

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