A world class new product development best practices model

Past research provides evidence of a wide range of antecedent variables to explain new product development performance. The reported determinants are a combination of strategic, development process, organizational, and market factors. However, these research efforts are fragmented and focus on one or two key factors. Researchers look at this issue from a narrow disciplinary perspective. So the results are quite discipline-biased. Apart from the lack of a multi-disciplinary approach, there is a real gap in subjecting these factors to rigorous empirical tests, and incorporate modern proven best practices of world class innovative companies to guide practitioners in their innovation journey. There is a real need to broaden the range of factors considered and develop an integrated model with high predictive power to guide new product development (NPD) efforts. This paper aims to address this research issue. In this research study, four key factors have been identified in modelling financial performance in NPD. They are strategic fit and shared vision, market orientation, stimulus and slack time, organization for collaboration and communication. Regression analysis was performed to validate their importance and estimate the parameters of these four key factors. The result shows that all these four factors are statistically significant in determining financial performance in NPD. This framework can be used practically to assist managers to improve in their NPD efforts so as to achieve higher financial return on investment.

[1]  Xianggui Qu,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis , 2007, Technometrics.

[2]  Rosabeth Moss Kanter,et al.  Innovation: Breakthrough Thinking at 3M, DuPont, GE, Pfizer, and Rubbermaid , 1997 .

[3]  A. Griffin PDMA Research on New Product Development Practices: Updating Trends and Benchmarking Best Practices , 1997 .

[4]  Robert G. Cooper,et al.  Benchmarking Best NPD Practices—I , 2004 .

[5]  Robert A. Frosch,et al.  The Customer for R&D Is Always Wrong! , 1996 .

[6]  S. Hart New Product Development , 1995 .

[7]  Katherine E. Reed,et al.  Everyone Takes the Field: How 3M Encourages Employee Involvement in Promoting Sustainable Development , 2002 .

[8]  G. Hooley,et al.  The Marketing Concept: Putting the Theory into Practice , 1990 .

[9]  Dina Mansour-Cole,et al.  User involvement in innovation projects: Toward an information processing model , 1995 .

[10]  Jiancheng Guan,et al.  Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms , 2003 .

[11]  Jonathan Nook,et al.  ["A Model for New Product Development: An Empirical Test"] , 2007 .

[12]  Kathryn Cormican,et al.  Auditing best practice for effective product innovation management , 2004 .

[13]  Deborah Dougherty,et al.  Powering product innovation , 1997 .

[14]  J. Beckham New product development. , 1985, Hospital forum.

[15]  Robert G. Cooper,et al.  The Performance Impact of an International Orientation on Product Innovation , 1988 .

[16]  John Saunders,et al.  Business orientations and corporate success , 1993 .

[17]  J. B. Quinn,et al.  Managing Innovation: Controlled Chaos , 1985 .

[18]  Elko J. Kleinschmidt,et al.  Rejoinders to “Establishing an NPD Best Practices Framework” , 2006 .

[19]  A. V. D. Ven,et al.  Measuring And Assessing Organizations , 1980 .

[20]  Renée Mauborgne,et al.  Strategy, Value Innovation, and the Knowledge Economy , 1999 .

[21]  John C. Narver,et al.  The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability , 1990 .

[22]  Byron Sharp,et al.  Marketing Orientation: More than Just Customer Focus , 1991 .

[23]  Neil A. Morgan,et al.  Supportiveness of Organizational Climate, Market Orientation, and New Product Performance in Chinese Firms , 2004 .

[24]  G. Day The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations , 1994 .

[25]  Thomas D. Kuczmarski Rejoinders to “Establishing an NPD Best Practices Framework” , 2006 .

[26]  Kenneth B. Kahn The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development , 1996 .

[27]  Ulrike de Brentani Success and Failure in New Industrial Services , 1989 .

[28]  Mohamed Zairi,et al.  Best Practice: Process Innovation Management , 1999 .

[29]  Kenneth B. Kahn,et al.  PERSPECTIVE: Establishing an NPD Best Practices Framework , 2006 .

[30]  Adamantios Diamantopoulos,et al.  Linking market orientation and company performance: preliminary evidence on Kohli and Jaworski's framework , 1993 .

[31]  Bernard J. Jaworski,et al.  Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications , 1990 .

[32]  D. Garvin Building a learning organization. , 1993, Harvard business review.

[33]  E. Hultink,et al.  The Impact of Market Orientation, Product Advantage, and Launch Proficiency on New Product Performance and Organizational Performance , 2004 .

[34]  Jin K. Han,et al.  Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link? , 1998 .

[35]  P. Conceição,et al.  Innovative science and technology commercialization strategies at 3M: a case study , 2002 .

[36]  R. Cooper,et al.  Portfolio management for new product development: results of an industry practices study , 2001 .

[37]  S. A. Buckler,et al.  From Experience Dreams to Market : Crafting a Culture of Innovation , 2004 .

[38]  Chris Brand,et al.  Keeping up with the times , 1987, Nature.

[39]  C. Markides Strategic Innovation in Established Companies , 1998 .

[40]  Kamal Munir,et al.  Systems of organizational sensemaking for sustained product innovation , 2000 .

[41]  Katharine Wakelin,et al.  Innovation and export behaviour at the firm level , 1998 .

[42]  R. Leifer,et al.  Reducing the uncertainty in managing breakthrough technological innovations , 1999, PICMET '99: Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Proceedings Vol-1: Book of Summaries (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36310).

[43]  John C. Narver,et al.  Creating a Market Orientation , 1998 .

[44]  C. Crawford The Hidden Costs of Accelerated Product Development , 1992 .

[45]  D. Dougherty,et al.  Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. , 1996 .

[46]  P. Ahmed Culture and climate for innovation , 1998 .

[47]  E. Rogers,et al.  Diffusion of innovations , 1964, Encyclopedia of Sport Management.

[48]  M. Kiernan,et al.  The new strategic architecture: Learning to compete in the twenty-first century , 1993 .

[49]  Robert G. Cooper,et al.  Benchmarking Best NPD Practices—III , 2004 .

[50]  R. Cooper,et al.  Winning Businesses in Product Development: The Critical Success Factors , 1996 .

[51]  J. Davidson,et al.  LEARNING FROM THE BEST NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPERS , 1999 .

[52]  Jane M. Howell,et al.  Champions of product innovations: defining, developing, and validating a measure of champion behavior , 2005 .

[53]  R. Cooper,et al.  What distinguishes the top performing new products in financial services , 1994 .

[54]  Helen Salavou,et al.  Profitability in market‐oriented SMEs: does product innovation matter? , 2002 .

[55]  Robert G. Cooper,et al.  New Products : The Factors that Drive Success , 1994 .

[56]  Abbie Griffin Measuring Product Development to Improve the Quality of the Process , 1997 .

[57]  R. Cooper New Products: What Distinguishes the Winners? , 1990 .

[58]  Bernard J. Jaworski,et al.  Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences , 1993 .

[59]  C. Merle Crawford,et al.  3M's sophisticated formula for teamwork : Michael K. Allio, Planning Forum (November-December 1993), pp. 19-21 , 1994 .

[60]  R. Cooper,et al.  Benchmarking Best NPD Practices—II , 2004 .

[61]  Daniel F. Muzyka,et al.  Restructuring 3M for an integrated europe. Part one: Initiating the change , 1996 .

[62]  Barbara W. Keats,et al.  Navigating in the new competitive landscape: Building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century , 1998 .

[63]  S. A. Buckler,et al.  The spirituality of innovation: Learning from stories , 1996 .

[64]  P. Kotler Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control , 1972 .

[65]  Tom R. Burns,et al.  The Management of Innovation. , 1963 .

[66]  Kevin J. Dooley,et al.  ADOPTION RATES AND PATTERNS OF BEST PRACTICES IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT , 2002 .

[67]  John C. Narver,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS CUSTOMER-LED AND MARKET-ORIENTED : LET ’ S NOT CONFUSE THE TWO , 2008 .

[68]  Jane M. Howell Individual differences, environmental scanning, innovation framing, and champion behavior: key predictors of project performance , 2001 .

[69]  R. Calantone,et al.  Determinants of New Product Performance: A Review and Meta-Analysis , 1994 .

[70]  Abbie Griffin,et al.  The PDMA toolbook for new product development , 2002 .

[71]  Robert S. Dooley,et al.  The New Task of R&D Management: Creating Goal-Directed Communities for Innovation , 1997 .

[72]  C. K. Wang,et al.  The management of innovation: strategy, structure, and organizational climate , 1993 .

[73]  P. Conceição,et al.  Rethinking the innovation process in large organizations: a case study of 3M , 2000 .

[74]  Gordon E. Greenley Market Orientation and Company Performance: Empirical Evidence From UK Companies , 1995 .

[75]  J. Rayport,et al.  Spark innovation through empathic design. , 1997, Harvard business review.

[76]  John T. Mentzer,et al.  Norms that distinguish between marketing and manufacturing , 1994 .

[77]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PAST RESEARCH, PRESENT FINDINGS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS , 1995 .

[78]  J. Farley,et al.  Corporate Culture, Customer Orientation, and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad Analysis , 1993 .

[79]  Abbie Griffin,et al.  The breakfast of champions: associations between champions and product development environments, practices and performance , 1998 .

[80]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Accelerating Adaptive Processes: Product Innovation in the Global Computer Industry , 1995 .

[81]  Dan Dimancescu,et al.  World-Class New Product Development: Benchmarking Best Practices of Agile Manufacturers , 1996 .

[82]  Daniel F. Muzyka,et al.  Restructuring 3M for an integrated Europe. Part two: Implementing the change , 1996 .

[83]  George S. Day,et al.  Misconceptions about Market Orientation , 1999 .

[84]  Karl G. Jöreskog,et al.  Lisrel 8: Structural Equation Modeling With the Simplis Command Language , 1993 .

[85]  K. Atuahene–Gima,et al.  Market Orientation and Innovation , 1996 .

[86]  Clayton M. Christensen,et al.  CUSTOMER POWER, STRATEGIC INVESTMENT, AND THE FAILURE OF LEADING FIRMS , 1996 .

[87]  John E. Spillan,et al.  The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Performance: A Study of Small‐Sized Service Retailers Using MARKOR Scale , 2005 .

[88]  Stephen Roper,et al.  Innovation and export performance: evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants , 2002 .

[89]  Robert W. Ruekert Developing a market orientation: An organizational strategy perspective , 1992 .