Antibacterial action of antibody and complement.

Susceptibility to the lethal action of antibody and complement is a universal property of living cells, which are thereby attacked at their cell membranes. Certain cells (including some bacteria) may resist this action due to the impermeability of their cell walls to the activated components of complement. In susceptible bacteria there may be many cell-wall antigens that are capable of acting as receptors for antibody and of activating a lethal complement sequence. With Salmonella typhimurium, antibody against each of the Kauffman-White determinants is effective, as is antibody directed against rough-core polysaccharide and protein components. Little is known about the relative efficiency of antibodies against different determinants; such knowledge might lead to the recognition of the main protective antigens. The fact that some gram-negative bacteria can be killed by fresh serum containing complement, in the presence of minute amounts of specific antibody, has been known for nearly 100 years. Work in the intervening years has persuaded us that this process is complex and obscure; the precise under

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