Toner and paper‐based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications

The interest in low‐cost microfluidic platforms as well as emerging microfabrication techniques has increased considerably over the last years. Toner‐ and paper‐based techniques have appeared as two of the most promising platforms for the production of disposable devices for on‐chip applications. This review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication techniques and in the analytical/bioanalytical applications of toner and paper‐based devices. The discussion is divided in two parts dealing with (i) toner and (ii) paper devices. Examples of miniaturized devices fabricated by using direct‐printing or toner transfer masking in polyester‐toner, glass, PDMS as well as conductive platforms as recordable compact disks and printed circuit board are presented. The construction and the use of paper‐based devices for off‐site diagnosis and bioassays are also described to cover this emerging platform for low‐cost diagnostics.

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