Functional electrostimulation of paraplegics: experimental investigations and first clinical experience with an implantable stimulation device.

A method of functional electrostimulation with an implantable 16-channel device and direct nerve stimulation for mobilization of paraplegic patients is presented. The experimental investigations to develop suitable electrode and stimulation devices, to find out optimal pulse parameters, and to study nerve and muscle alterations during FES are presented and discussed. The first clinical application in two cases and the results after one year are demonstrated.