Addition of momentum and kinetic energy effects in supersonic compressible flow using pseudo bond graph approach

In most of the papers published on compressible fluid using pseudo the bond graph approach, momentum and kinetic energy effects have been neglected due to low speed. However, in convergent–divergent nozzles that the flow is supersonic, these models will lose their validation. For the purpose of considering kinetic energy in compressible fluid flow, this paper introduces a new field (KE-field) to pseudo bond graph. This field can also be used to extract the momentum equation on the gaseous models. Furthermore, Karnopp’s suggested relation for an isentropic nozzle is developed to a convergent–divergent nozzle. The simulation results show that the thrust force obtained from the simulations has a very good agreement to analytical relationships. Therefore, it suggests that the KE-field can be used for modelling the thrust force. As bond graph method has been implemented in many software applications such as MS1, SYMBOLS2000 and 20SIM®, the new field can also be used in these software.

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