Chapter IV – General Instruments

There are various types of measurements and controls accomplished through sensors and transmitters. Pressure, temperature, flow, and level types of general measurements are included in this chapter. Different types of pressure and temperature elements are deployed for respective measurements. Flow elements are often used as differential producers for flow measurements. Level measurements are often based on pressure and differential pressure measurements. Other types of flow and level measurements are also described. Working principle, specification/data sheets, and typical list of measurements are presented.