Buckling and Collapse Under External Pressure

This chapter deals with the mechanics of buckling and collapse of long pipes under external pressure. Thinner pipes used in shallower waters buckle elastically but collapse because of postbuckling inelastic action. The classical elastic buckling pressure is also discussed in this chapter. The main design load of land pipelines and lines installed in shallow waters is related to internal pressure. By contrast, in the case of pipelines installed in deeper offshore waters, the primary load is external pressure, which makes the collapse pressure the major design parameter. For material and geometries of interest in pipeline applications, establishing the collapse pressure of a long circular cylinder under external pressure is sufficient and appropriate. Furthermore, practical factors that affect collapse include initial imperfections, such as ovality and wall thickness variations. Other factors include residual stresses, yield anisotropies, and so on. The influence of such factors is best treated numerically.

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