Flexible power scheduling for sensor networks

We propose a distributed on-demand power-management protocol for collecting data in sensor networks. The protocol aims to reduce power consumption while supporting fluctuating demand in the network and provide local routing information and synchronicity without global control. Energy savings are achieved by powering down nodes during idle times identified through dynamic scheduling. We present a real implementation on wireless sensor nodes based on a novel, two-level architecture. We evaluate our approach through measurements and simulation, and show how the protocol allows adaptive scheduling and enables a smooth trade-off between energy savings and latency. An example current measurement shows an energy savings of 83% on an intermediate node.

[1]  D. Halberstam.  The Next Century , 1991 .

[2]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Measuring and Reducing Energy Consumption of Network Interfaces in Hand-Held Devices (Special Issue on Mobile Computing) , 1997 .

[3]  G. Asada,et al.  Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip , 1998, Proceedings of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[4]  Suresh Singh,et al.  PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks , 1998, CCRV.

[5]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust” , 1999, MobiCom.

[6]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Performance of a novel self-organization protocol for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks , 1999, Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324).

[7]  Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer,et al.  A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[8]  Robert Szewczyk,et al.  System architecture directions for networked sensors , 2000, ASPLOS IX.

[9]  David E. Culler,et al.  Active Message Communication for Tiny Networked Sensors , 2000 .

[10]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[11]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Wireless integrated network sensors , 2000, Commun. ACM.

[12]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[13]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[14]  David E. Culler,et al.  A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[15]  Roy Want,et al.  Making Everyday Life Easier Using Dense Sensor Networks , 2001, UbiComp.

[16]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[17]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[18]  Wei Hong,et al.  Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Tag: a Tiny Aggregation Service for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks , 2022 .

[19]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Fine-grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts , 2022 .

[20]  Mani Srivastava,et al.  Energy-aware wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[21]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002 .

[22]  John Anderson,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring , 2002, WSNA '02.

[23]  Moustafa Youssef,et al.  Energy-Aware TDMA-Based MAC for Sensor Networks , 2002 .

[24]  David E. Culler,et al.  The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems , 2003, PLDI.

[25]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Gossip-based ad hoc routing , 2002, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.