Quantifying in

Let us call the kind of occurrence illustrated in (1) a vulgar occurrence, and that in (2) an accidental occurrence (or, following Quine, an orthographic accident). For present purposes we need not try to define either of these notions; but presumably there are no serious logical or semantical problems connected with occurrences of either kind. The first denotes, is open to substitution and existential generalization, and contributes to the meaning of the sentence which contains it. To the second, all such concerns are inappropriate. There are other occurrences of the word 'nine', illustrated in