A Methodology for Evaluating Timeline Generation Algorithms based on Deep Semantic Units

Timeline generation is a summarisation task which transforms a narrative, roughly chronological input text into a set of timestamped summary sentences, each expressing an atomic historical event. We present a methodology for evaluating systems which create such timelines, based on a novel corpus consisting of 36 humancreated timelines. Our evaluation relies on deep semantic units which we call historical content units. An advantage of our approach is that it does not require human annotation of new system summaries.

[1]  Estela Saquete Boró,et al.  TIPSem (English and Spanish): Evaluating CRFs and Semantic Roles in TempEval-2 , 2010, *SEMEVAL.

[2]  Stephen Clark,et al.  Learning to Identify Historical Figures for Timeline Creation from Wikipedia Articles , 2014, SocInfo Workshops.

[3]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  SemEval-2007 Task 15: TempEval Temporal Relation Identification , 2007, Fourth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2007).

[4]  Tommaso Caselli,et al.  SemEval-2010 Task 13: TempEval-2 , 2010, *SEMEVAL.

[5]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text , 2003, New Directions in Question Answering.

[6]  Ani Nenkova,et al.  Evaluating Content Selection in Summarization: The Pyramid Method , 2004, NAACL.

[7]  Chin-Yew Lin,et al.  ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries , 2004, ACL 2004.

[8]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Evolutionary timeline summarization: a balanced optimization framework via iterative substitution , 2011, SIGIR.

[9]  Simone Teufel,et al.  Examining the consensus between human summaries: initial experiments with factoid analysis , 2003, HLT-NAACL 2003.

[10]  Jeremy Witmer,et al.  Extracting and Displaying Temporal and Geospatial Entities from Articles on Historical Events , 2014, Comput. J..

[11]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  SemEval-2013 Task 1: TempEval-3: Evaluating Time Expressions, Events, and Temporal Relations , 2013, *SEMEVAL.

[12]  Xavier Tannier,et al.  Ranking Multidocument Event Descriptions for Building Thematic Timelines , 2014, COLING.

[13]  Hai Leong Chieu,et al.  Query based event extraction along a timeline , 2004, SIGIR '04.