Global patterns of vegetation response to millennial-scale variability and rapid climate change during the last glacial period

[1]  R. S. Thompson,et al.  Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis , 2011 .

[2]  N. Combourieu-Nebout,et al.  Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe , 2010 .

[3]  A. Lézine,et al.  Millennial-scale changes in vegetation records from tropical Africa and South America during the last glacial , 2010 .

[4]  M. Kageyama,et al.  Modelling glacial climatic millennial-scale variability related to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: a review , 2010 .

[5]  R. Anderson,et al.  Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from North America , 2010 .

[6]  S. Harrison,et al.  Millennial-scale climate variability and vegetation changes during the Last Glacial: Concepts and terminology , 2010 .

[7]  H. Takahara,et al.  Millennial-scale variability in vegetation records from the East Asian Islands: Taiwan, Japan and Sakhalin , 2010 .

[8]  E. Wolff,et al.  Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record , 2010 .

[9]  W. Ellery,et al.  The character, origin and palaeoenvironmental significance of the Wonderkrater spring mound, South Africa , 2010 .

[10]  S. Harrison,et al.  Records of aeolian dust deposition on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the Late Quaternary , 2010 .

[11]  F. Lamy,et al.  Links between Patagonian Ice Sheet fluctuations and Antarctic dust variability during the last glacial period (MIS 4-2) , 2010 .

[12]  A. Wiersma,et al.  A systematic study of the impact of freshwater pulses with respect to different geographical locations , 2010 .

[13]  R. Edwards,et al.  Sub-millennial variability of Asian monsoon intensity during the early MIS 3 and its analogue to the ice age terminations , 2010 .

[14]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Ecophysiological and bioclimatic foundations for a global plant functional classification , 2010 .

[15]  F. d’Errico,et al.  Testing the Hypothesis of Fire Use for Ecosystem Management by Neanderthal and Upper Palaeolithic Modern Human Populations , 2010, PloS one.

[16]  S. Harrison,et al.  Fire regimes during the Last Glacial , 2009 .

[17]  D. Fleitmann,et al.  Timing and climatic impact of Greenland interstadials recorded in stalagmites from northern Turkey , 2009 .

[18]  M. Kageyama,et al.  Glacial climate sensitivity to different states of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: results from the IPSL model , 2009 .

[19]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Ecosystem effects of CO 2 concentration: evidence from past climates , 2009 .

[20]  J. Duprat,et al.  Contrasting intrainterstadial climatic evolution between high and middle North Atlantic latitudes: A close‐up of Greenland Interstadials 8 and 12 , 2009 .

[21]  A. Taylor,et al.  Widespread Increase of Tree Mortality Rates in the Western United States , 2009, Science.

[22]  I. Fung,et al.  Changes in the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature , 2009, Nature.

[23]  A. Abe-Ouchi,et al.  A comparison of PMIP2 model simulations and the MARGO proxy reconstruction for tropical sea surface temperatures at last glacial maximum , 2009 .

[24]  M. Weinelt,et al.  Constraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum: report of the MARGO Project , 2009 .

[25]  T. Fichefet,et al.  Potential causes of 15th century Arctic warming using coupled model simulations with data assimilation , 2009 .

[26]  D. Richards,et al.  Sub‐millennial climate shifts in the western Mediterranean during the last glacial period recorded in a speleothem from Mallorca, Spain , 2008 .

[27]  L. Peterson,et al.  Mechanisms of abrupt climate change of the last glacial period , 2008 .

[28]  C. V. Meerbeeck,et al.  How did Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Last Glacial Maximum climates differ? – Perspectives from equilibrium simulations , 2008 .

[29]  E. Brook,et al.  Atmospheric CO2 and Climate on Millennial Time Scales During the Last Glacial Period , 2008, Science.

[30]  F. Joos,et al.  Climate and human influences on global biomass burning over the past two millennia , 2008 .

[31]  J. B. Ørbæk,et al.  Arctic Alpine ecosystems and people in a changing environment , 2008, Polar Record.

[32]  K. Bennett,et al.  Phylogeographic insights into cryptic glacial refugia. , 2008, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[33]  I. C. Prentice,et al.  Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon cycle, future plant geography and climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks using five Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) , 2008 .

[34]  W. Patterson,et al.  Millennial-scale variability in the Asian monsoon: Evidence from oxygen isotope records from stalagmites in southeastern China , 2008 .

[35]  Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen,et al.  High-Resolution Greenland Ice Core Data Show Abrupt Climate Change Happens in Few Years , 2008, Science.

[36]  Julia C. Hargreaves,et al.  Long-term climate commitments projected with climate-carbon cycle models , 2008 .

[37]  S. Collins,et al.  Shrub Invasion Decreases Diversity and Alters Community Stability in Northern Chihuahuan Desert Plant Communities , 2008, PloS one.

[38]  J. Duprat,et al.  Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard-Oeschger events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital parameters , 2008 .

[39]  J. Lynch,et al.  Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data , 2008 .

[40]  C. Hewitt,et al.  Evaluation of coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations of the mid-Holocene using palaeovegetation data from the northern hemisphere extratropics , 2008 .

[41]  Geraldine Jacobsen,et al.  Environmental and cultural change on the Mt Eccles lava-flow landscapes of southwest Victoria, Australia , 2008 .

[42]  J. Jacques,et al.  A 900-year pollen-inferred temperature and effective moisture record from varved Lake Mina, west-central Minnesota, USA , 2008 .

[43]  Richard H. W. Bradshaw,et al.  Exploring climatic and biotic controls on Holocene vegetation change in Fennoscandia , 2008 .

[44]  M. Kylander,et al.  Possible evidence for wet Heinrich phases in tropical NE Australia: The Lynch's Crater deposit , 2008 .

[45]  Xiaohua Shao,et al.  Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years , 2008, Nature.

[46]  R. Knutti,et al.  Modeled seasonality of glacial abrupt climate events , 2008 .

[47]  C. Yonge,et al.  Origin of the climatic cycles from orbital to sub-annual scales , 2008 .

[48]  D. Hopkins,et al.  Two Late Quaternary Pollen Records from South-Central Alaska , 2007 .

[49]  Hans Tømmervik,et al.  Prediction of the distribution of Arctic‐nesting pink‐footed geese under a warmer climate scenario , 2007 .

[50]  Hong-chun Li,et al.  High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57–70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave , 2007 .

[51]  Peter Kershaw,et al.  A complete pollen record of the last 230 ka from Lynch's Crater, north-eastern Australia , 2007 .

[52]  P. Moss,et al.  A Quaternary marine palynological record (oxygen isotope stages 1 to 13) for the humid tropics of northeastern Australia based on ODP site 820 , 2007 .

[53]  B. Alloway,et al.  Vegetation and climate of Auckland, New Zealand, since ca. 32 000 cal. yr ago: support for an extended LGM , 2007 .

[54]  T. Fichefet,et al.  Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum – Part 2: feedbacks with emphasis on the location of the ITCZ and mid- and high latitudes heat budget , 2007 .

[55]  Yan Zhao,et al.  Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum - Part 1: experiments and large-scale features , 2007 .

[56]  R. Schneider,et al.  155,000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution , 2007, Science.

[57]  Simon Brewer,et al.  Climatic changes in Eurasia and Africa at the last glacial maximum and mid-Holocene: reconstruction from pollen data using inverse vegetation modelling , 2007 .

[58]  M. Vandergoes,et al.  A terrestrial palynological record for the last two glacial cycles from southwestern New Zealand , 2007 .

[59]  S. Constantin,et al.  Holocene and Late Pleistocene climate in the sub-Mediterranean continental environment: A speleothem record from Poleva Cave (Southern Carpathians, Romania) , 2007 .

[60]  N. Stern.  The Economics of Climate Change: Implications of Climate Change for Development , 2007 .

[61]  A. Mix,et al.  Chilean and Southeast Pacific paleoclimate variations during the last glacial cycle: directly correlated pollen and δ18O records from ODP Site 1234 , 2006 .

[62]  W. Nordhaus.  The "Stern Review" on the Economics of Climate Change , 2006 .

[63]  M. Vautravers,et al.  Abrupt wind regime changes in the North Atlantic Ocean during the past 30,000–60,000 years , 2006 .

[64]  J. Tison,et al.  One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica. , 2006 .

[65]  H. Heijnis,et al.  The vegetation history of the last glacial–interglacial cycle in eastern New South Wales, Australia , 2006 .

[66]  R. Edwards,et al.  High-resolution absolute-dated Indian Monsoon record between 53 and 36 ka from Xiaobailong Cave, southwestern China , 2006 .

[67]  R. Schnur,et al.  Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the C , 2006 .

[68]  Niels Reeh,et al.  Last interglacial Arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change , 2006 .

[69]  David A. Richards,et al.  Chronology and paleoenvironment of Marine Isotope Stage 3 from two high-elevation speleothems, Austrian Alps☆ , 2006 .

[70]  M. Sturm,et al.  The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan‐Arctic , 2006 .

[71]  R. Edwards,et al.  A penultimate glacial monsoon record from Hulu Cave and two-phase glacial terminations , 2006 .

[72]  R. Pearson.  Climate change and the migration capacity of species. , 2006, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[73]  C. Heusser,et al.  Submillennial palynology and palaeoecology of the last glaciation at Taiquemó (∼50,000 cal yr, MIS 2–4) in southern Chile , 2006 .

[74]  N. Pisias,et al.  Vegetation and climate dynamics of southern Chile during the past 50,000 years: results of ODP Site 1233 pollen analysis , 2006 .

[75]  Nebojsa Nakicenovic,et al.  Avoiding dangerous climate change , 2006 .

[76]  Wolfgang Lucht,et al.  Terrestrial biosphere carbon storage under alternative climate projections , 2006 .

[77]  H. Lischke,et al.  A model‐based reconstruction of Holocene treeline dynamics in the Central Swiss Alps , 2006 .

[78]  T. Giesecke.  Moving front or population expansion: How did Picea abies (L.) Karst. become frequent in central Sweden? , 2005 .

[79]  Scott L Wing,et al.  Transient Floral Change and Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary , 2005, Science.

[80]  James S. Clark,et al.  MOLECULAR INDICATORS OF TREE MIGRATION CAPACITY UNDER RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE , 2005 .

[81]  A. Hogg,et al.  Regional insolation forcing of late Quaternary climate change in the Southern Hemisphere , 2005, Nature.

[82]  R. Ganeshram,et al.  Variations in tropical convection as an amplifier of global climate change at the millennial scale [rapid communication] , 2005 .

[83]  M. Chandler,et al.  Middle Pliocene sea surface temperature variability , 2005 .

[84]  Andrei P. Sokolov,et al.  A model intercomparison of changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration , 2005 .

[85]  Richard L. Smith,et al.  Quantifying Uncertainty in Projections of Regional Climate Change: A Bayesian Approach to the Analysis of Multimodel Ensembles , 2005 .

[86]  Eelco J. Rohling,et al.  Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden cold event around 8,200 years ago , 2005, Nature.

[87]  J. Kutzbach,et al.  A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages , 2005 .

[88]  Corinne Le Quéré,et al.  Role of Marine Biology in Glacial-Interglacial CO2 Cycles , 2005, Science.

[89]  R. Zahn,et al.  Southern Hemisphere Water Mass Conversion Linked with North Atlantic Climate Variability , 2005, Science.

[90]  Mathias Vuille,et al.  Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil , 2005, Nature.

[91]  J. Severinghaus,et al.  A revised +10±4 °C magnitude of the abrupt change in Greenland temperature at the Younger Dryas termination using published GISP2 gas isotope data and air thermal diffusion constants , 2005 .

[92]  D. Richards,et al.  Wet periods in northeastern Brazil over the past 210 kyr linked to distant climate anomalies , 2004, Nature.

[93]  J. Grimalt,et al.  Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years , 2004, Science.

[94]  R. Cheddadi,et al.  Refining vegetation simulation models: From plant functional types to bioclimatic affinity groups of plants , 2004 .

[95]  A. Timmermann,et al.  Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation , 2004, Nature.

[96]  R. Marchant,et al.  Rapid environmental change in African and South American tropics around 4000 years before present: a review , 2004 .

[97]  H. Arz,et al.  Antarctic Timing of Surface Water Changes off Chile and Patagonian Ice Sheet Response , 2004, Science.

[98]  H. Behling,et al.  Late Quaternary Araucaria forest, grassland (Campos), fire and climate dynamics, studied by high-resolution pollen, charcoal and multivariate analysis of the Cambará do Sul core in southern Brazil , 2004 .

[99]  T. Stocker,et al.  A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar seesaw , 2003 .

[100]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata‐model comparisons, and future projections , 2003 .

[101]  E. Tziperman,et al.  Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change , 2003, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[102]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Glacial-interglacial changes in dust deposition on the Chinese Loess Plateau , 2003 .

[103]  J. Vogel,et al.  Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna Biome, Limpopo province, South Africa , 2003 .

[104]  V. Brovkin,et al.  Simulated global-scale response of the climate system to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events , 2003 .

[105]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Climate and CO2 controls on global vegetation distribution at the last glacial maximum: analysis based on palaeovegetation data, biome modelling and palaeoclimate simulations , 2003 .

[106]  S. Manabe,et al.  Equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation to large changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration , 2003 .

[107]  M. Bar-Matthews,et al.  Paleoclimate reconstruction based on the timing of speleothem growth and oxygen and carbon isotope composition in a cave located in the rain shadow in Israel , 2003, Quaternary Research.

[108]  Laura L. Glaser,et al.  Dating fluvial terraces by 230Th/U on pedogenic carbonate, Wind River Basin, Wyoming , 2003, Quaternary Research.

[109]  J. Jouzel,et al.  Precise dating of Dansgaard–Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from stalagmite data , 2003, Nature.

[110]  G. Yohe,et al.  A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems , 2003, Nature.

[111]  H. Heijnis,et al.  A chronology for the long pollen record from Lake Wangoom, western Victoria (Australia) as derived from uranium/thorium disequilibrium dating , 2002 .

[112]  P. Deckker,et al.  A Late Quaternary pollen record from deep-sea core Fr10/95, GC17 offshore Cape Range Peninsula, northwestern Western Australia , 2002 .

[113]  S. Jun,et al.  Vegetation and Climate on the Sunda Shelf of the South China Sea During the Last Glactiation-Pollen Results from Station 17962 , 2002 .

[114]  A. Fitter,et al.  Rapid Changes in Flowering Time in British Plants , 2002, Science.

[115]  A. Fischlin,et al.  Untangling a Holocene pollen record with forest model simulations and independent climate data. , 2002 .

[116]  O. Hoegh‐Guldberg,et al.  Ecological responses to recent climate change , 2002, Nature.

[117]  R. L. Edwards,et al.  A High-Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China , 2001, Science.

[118]  Antje H L Voelker,et al.  Global distribution of centennial-scale records for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3: a database , 2001 .

[119]  J. Stewart,et al.  Cryptic northern refugia and the origins of the modern biota , 2001 .

[120]  J. Peñuelas,et al.  Responses to a Warming World , 2001, Science.

[121]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems , 2001, Nature.

[122]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  DIRTMAP: the geological record of dust , 2001 .

[123]  M. Sturm,et al.  Climate change: Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic , 2001, Nature.

[124]  Ge Yu,et al.  Reconstruction of the 30–40 ka bp enhanced Indian monsoon climate based on geological records from the Tibetan Plateau , 2001 .

[125]  F. Woodward,et al.  Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO2 and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models , 2001 .

[126]  J. P. Mccarty.  Ecological Consequences of Recent Climate Change , 2001 .

[127]  M. Sykes,et al.  Palaeovegetation‐model comparisons, climate change and tree succession in Scandinavia over the past 1500 years , 2001 .

[128]  F. Gasse,et al.  Late Quaternary environmental changes from a pollen and diatom record in the southern tropics (Lake Tritrivakely, Madagascar) , 2001 .

[129]  R. Schneider,et al.  Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG) , 2001 .

[130]  M. Schulz,et al.  Exploring Late Pleistocene climate variations , 2000 .

[131]  B. Huntley,et al.  Weichselian palynological records from southern Europe: correlation and chronology , 2000 .

[132]  G. Meehl,et al.  Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts. , 2000, Science.

[133]  D. Zhang,et al.  Paleo-monsoon activities of Mu Us Desert, China since 150 ka B.P. — a study of the stratigraphic sequences of the Milanggouwan Section, Salawusu River area , 2000 .

[134]  T. Guilderson,et al.  Millennial-scale instability of the antarctic ice sheet during the last glaciation , 2000, Science.

[135]  D. Jolly,et al.  Mid‐Holocene and glacial‐maximum vegetation geography of the northern continents and Africa , 2000 .

[136]  T. Stocker,et al.  Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Niño , 2000 .

[137]  H. Hooghiemstra,et al.  Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate, and plant diversity in Amazonia ☆ , 2000 .

[138]  Jean-Jacques Boreux,et al.  Inverse vegetation modeling by Monte Carlo sampling to reconstruct palaeoclimates under changed precipitation seasonality and CO2 conditions: application to glacial climate in Mediterranean region , 2000 .

[139]  K. Willis,et al.  The Full-Glacial Forests of Central and Southeastern Europe , 2000, Quaternary Research.

[140]  T. Lowell,et al.  Pollen sequence from the Chilean Lake District during the Llanquihue glaciation in marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 4-2 , 2000 .

[141]  J. Kennett,et al.  Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles and the California Current System: Planktonic foraminiferal response to rapid climate change in Santa Barbara Basin, Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A , 2000 .

[142]  O. V. Auken.  Shrub Invasions of North American Semiarid Grasslands , 2000 .

[143]  S. Lehman,et al.  Subtropical North Atlantic Temperatures 60,000 to 30,000 Years Ago. , 1999, Science.

[144]  Z. Ding,et al.  Climate instability during the penultimate glaciation: Evidence from two high‐resolution loess records, China , 1999 .

[145]  A. Kleczkowski,et al.  A 50,000-yr Pollen Record from Chile of South American Millennial-Scale Climate Instability during the Last Glaciation , 1999, Quaternary Research.

[146]  X. Fang,et al.  Asian summer monsoon instability during the past 60,000 years: magnetic susceptibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau , 1999 .

[147]  H. Schwarcz,et al.  Continental Oxygen Isotopic Record of the Last 170,000 Years in Jerusalem , 1999, Quaternary Research.

[148]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) , 1999 .

[149]  A. Sharon.  Simulated effects of low atmospheric CO2 on structure and composition of North American vegetation at the Last Glacial Maximum , 1999 .

[150]  G. Wasserburg,et al.  The Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate as a reflection of regional events: Soreq cave, Israel , 1999 .

[151]  T. Stocker.  The Seesaw Effect , 1998, Science.

[152]  F. Gasse,et al.  A 40,000-yr Pollen and Diatom Record from Lake Tritrivakely, Madagascar, in the Southern Tropics , 1998, Quaternary Research.

[153]  Wallace S. Broecker,et al.  PALEOCEAN CIRCULATION DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION : A BIPOLAR SEESAW ? , 1998 .

[154]  J. Jouzel,et al.  The cold event 8200 years ago documented in oxygen isotope records of precipitation in Europe and Greenland , 1998 .

[155]  N. Noblet,et al.  Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: coupled model simulations for 6000 years BP and comparison with palaeodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa , 1997 .

[156]  Jolly,et al.  Effect of Low Glacial Atmospheric CO2 on Tropical African Montane Vegetation , 1997, Science.

[157]  F. Oldfield,et al.  High-resolution multi-proxy climate records from Chinese loess: evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75 kyr , 1997 .

[158]  S. Fritz,et al.  Century-scale paleoclimatic reconstruction from Moon Lake, a closed-basin lake in the northern Great Plains , 1996 .

[159]  Vemap Participants.  Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project: Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling , 1995 .

[160]  A. Zhisheng,et al.  Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation , 1995, Nature.

[161]  P. Bartlein,et al.  Late Quaternary History of Tundra Vegetation in Northwestern Alaska , 1994, Quaternary Research.

[162]  J. Jouzel,et al.  Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core , 1992, Nature.

[163]  T. Crowley.  North Atlantic Deep Water cools the southern hemisphere , 1992 .

[164]  Patrick J. Bartlein,et al.  VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA SINCE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM , 1991 .

[165]  B. Huntley,et al.  Rapid Changes in the Range Limits of Scots Pine 4000 Years Ago , 1991, Science.

[166]  C. Heusser.  Ice age vegetation and climate of subtropical Chile , 1990 .

[167]  O. Zackrisson,et al.  A two thousand year history of a northern Swedish boreal forest stand , 1990 .

[168]  Brian Huntley,et al.  Climatic control of the distribution and abundance of beech (Fagus L.) in Europe and North America. , 1989 .

[169]  I. Colin Prentice,et al.  Vegetation responses to past climatic variation , 1986, Vegetatio.

[170]  A. Kershaw.  Climatic change and Aboriginal burning in north-east Australia during the last two glacial/interglacial cycles , 1986, Nature.

[171]  J. R. Wallis,et al.  Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth , 1972 .

[172]  B. Otto‐Bliesner,et al.  The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: last glacial maximum experiments , 2010 .

[173]  T. Wilbanks,et al.  Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 .

[174]  S. Lavorel,et al.  Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World , 2007 .

[175]  A. Fischlin,et al.  Ecosystems, their properties, goods and services , 2007 .

[176]  W. Collins,et al.  Global climate projections , 2007 .

[177]  Stephen Sitch,et al.  Dynamic global vegetation modelling: quantifying terrestrial ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change , 2007 .

[178]  K. Høgda,et al.  Changes in growing season in Fennoscandia 1982–1999 , 2007 .

[179]  D. Randall,et al.  Climate models and their evaluation , 2007 .

[180]  N. J. Williams.  The environmental reconstruction of the last glacial cycle at Redhead Lagoon in coastal, eastern Australia , 2005 .

[181]  N. Mahowald,et al.  Radiative forcing of climate by ice-age atmospheric dust , 2003 .

[182]  J. Overpeck,et al.  Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises , 2002 .

[183]  A. Lozhkin,et al.  The Stage 3 interstadial complex (Karginskii/middle Wisconsinan interval) of Beringia: variations in paleoenvironments and implications for paleoclimatic interpretations , 2001 .

[184]  T. Swetnam,et al.  Paleoclimate reconstruction along the Pole–Equator–Pole transect of the Americas (PEP 1) , 2000 .

[185]  George C. Hurtt,et al.  Reid's Paradox of Rapid Plant Migration Dispersal theory and interpretation of paleoecological records , 1998 .

[186]  P. deMenocal,et al.  Orbital forcing of climate over South Africa: A 200,000-year rainfall record from the pretoria saltpan , 1997 .

[187]  James S. Clark,et al.  Plant migration and climate change , 1997 .

[188]  Wolfgang Cramer,et al.  A simulation model for the transient effects of climate change on forest landscapes , 1993 .

[189]  L. Brubaker,et al.  Late Quaternary vegetational history of the Black River region in northeastern Alaska , 1988 .

[190]  F. Woodward.  Climate and plant distribution , 1987 .