Viscoelastic Behavior of Laminated Composite Materials

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of viscoelastic behavior in composite materials. Time-dependent behavior in composites may be either desirable or undesirable depending on the effect which occurs in the structure. Although a thorough viscoelastic analysis is not always warranted for composite design, the chapter points out that certain combinations of temperature, load level, load duration, and moisture (or solvent) content can lead to substantial amounts of viscoelastic creep, relaxation, damping, and damage which can accumulate to induce delayed failures. The chapter contains an introduction to viscoelasticity for transient and dynamic response of linear materials, a brief review of non-linear viscoelasticity, and a discussion of several delayed failure and damage accumulation theories. The chapter stresses that although the short-term properties of many laminae and laminates appears to be quite linear, the long-term response often becomes highly non-linear in stress, underscoring the need for non-linear analysis in many practical situations. A numerical procedure for predicting the response of non-linear viscoelastic laminates is reviewed. The effects of moisture and physical aging on the time-dependent behavior of composites is also discussed. Finally, design recommendations for viscoelastic materials are given.

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