Performance comparison of frequency domain quadrupole and dipole electromagnetic induction sensors in a landmine detection application

This work provides a performance comparison between two frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors - one quadrupole and one dipole sensor for the detection of subsurface anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. A summary of the physical differences between the two sensors and from those of other EMI sensors will be discussed. Previously we presented a performance analysis of the dipole sensor for a variety of detection algorithms over data collected at a government test facility indicating robust performance using the dipole sensor. The algorithms considered previously included an energy detector, matched subspace detector and a kNN probability density estimation approach over the features of a four parameter phenomenological model. The current sensor comparison will include, in addition to the previous detection methods, a Random Forests classification algorithm and utilize a larger training data set.